2017
DOI: 10.1515/anre-2017-0021
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Rethinking modern theories of ageing and their classification: the proximate mechanisms and the ultimate explanations

Abstract: For a very long time, ageing has been an insurmountable problem in biology. The collection of age-dependent changes that render ageing individuals progressively more likely to die seemed to be an intractable labyrinth of alterations and associations whose direct mechanisms and ultimate explanations were too complex and difficult to understand. The science of ageing has always been fraught with insuperable problems and obstacles. In 1990, Zhores Medvedev presented a list of roughly 300 different hypotheses to i… Show more

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Cited by 18 publications
(32 citation statements)
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“…Furthermore, recent studies show that it scavenges chloramines and inhibits myeloperoxidase-induced protein/lipid oxidation in hyperbilirubinemic serum (Boon et al 2015). Remarkably, endogenously elevated bilirubin levels protect from myocardial infarction, which could explain why hyperbilirubinemic individuals who are healthy have low cardiovascular mortality (Bakrania et al 2014;2017). Moreover, it has been established that an increase in total bilirubin correlates negatively with the development of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia, and this protective effects of higher bilirubin levels can contribute to the beneficial effects on CVD in addition to the wellknown role as a potent antioxidant (Wu et al 1994;Sedlak et al 2009;Oda 2014;.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Furthermore, recent studies show that it scavenges chloramines and inhibits myeloperoxidase-induced protein/lipid oxidation in hyperbilirubinemic serum (Boon et al 2015). Remarkably, endogenously elevated bilirubin levels protect from myocardial infarction, which could explain why hyperbilirubinemic individuals who are healthy have low cardiovascular mortality (Bakrania et al 2014;2017). Moreover, it has been established that an increase in total bilirubin correlates negatively with the development of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia, and this protective effects of higher bilirubin levels can contribute to the beneficial effects on CVD in addition to the wellknown role as a potent antioxidant (Wu et al 1994;Sedlak et al 2009;Oda 2014;.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…the mechanisms associated with gender gap in longevity such as the genetic and molecular benefits from the homogametic state, higher levels of estrogens, lower levels of testosterone, the cessation of reproduction, etc.). Therefore, the beneficial effects of elevated STB levels on long-term survival are more pronounced and perspicuous in older men since their survival is more dependent on such a single factor compared to women whose longer lifespan is ensured by other adaptive mechanisms linked to the gender gap in longevity, including the molecular mechanisms of ROS production and scavenging, the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway, hyperfunction of mTOR, the hormonal milieu, telomere length and attrition, and other processes that are responsible for longer life expectancy in women (for a review, see Rincon et al 2005;Jiang et al 2007;Kirkwood 2010;Borysławski and Chmielewski 2012;Chmielewski 2012;2017;Regan and Partridge 2013;Chmielewski and Borysławski 2016;Chmielewski et al 2016b).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…It has been established that there are specific molecular signatures and 'instructions' for ageing at the molecular level, and a better understanding of the molecular biology of ageing will open new possibilities regarding rational strategies and interventions (López-Otín et al 2013;Kennedy et al 2014;DiLoreto and Murphy 2015;McHugh and Gil 2018;Campisi et al 2019;Dönertaş et al 2019). Nevertheless, the complexity of ageing diminishes the possibility that the problem of ageing can be solved using reductionist and disease-oriented approaches (Chmielewski 2017(Chmielewski , 2019a(Chmielewski , 2019bRattan 2019). To understand the nature of ageing, we must first understand life.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%