Rethinking ruralization in terms of resilience: Subsistence strategies in sixth-century Caričin Grad in the light of plant and animal bone finds

Baron, Henriette; Reuter, Anna Elena; Marković, Nemanja

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.02.031

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…They may have been extirpated entirely from the northern provinces including Britain 32 , 38 , 39 , and the percentage of archaeological sites with black rat remains declined even in the Western Empire’s Italian core 40 . By contrast, black rats remained common in the Balkans and Anatolia until at least the 6th century CE, presumably reflecting continued stability in the Eastern Roman Empire 41 – 44 . Since zooarchaeological data between the 5th–8th centuries is limited in many European and Mediterranean regions, the pattern of post-Roman absence may partly represent research bias 45 , though early medieval black rats are rare even where other small mammals are reported 38 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeogenomic analysis of black rat (Rattus rattus) reveals multiple European introductions associated with human economic history

Jamieson

Hulme-Beaman

et al. 2022

Nat Commun

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The distribution of the black rat (Rattus rattus) has been heavily influenced by its association with humans. The dispersal history of this non-native commensal rodent across Europe, however, remains poorly understood, and different introductions may have occurred during the Roman and medieval periods. Here, in order to reconstruct the population history of European black rats, we first generate a de novo genome assembly of the black rat. We then sequence 67 ancient and three modern black rat mitogenomes, and 36 ancient and three modern nuclear genomes from archaeological sites spanning the 1st-17th centuries CE in Europe and North Africa. Analyses of our newly reported sequences, together with published mitochondrial DNA sequences, confirm that black rats were introduced into the Mediterranean and Europe from Southwest Asia. Genomic analyses of the ancient rats reveal a population turnover in temperate Europe between the 6th and 10th centuries CE, coincident with an archaeologically attested decline in the black rat population. The near disappearance and re-emergence of black rats in Europe may have been the result of the breakdown of the Roman Empire, the First Plague Pandemic, and/or post-Roman climatic cooling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeogenomic analysis of black rat (Rattus rattus) reveals multiple European introductions associated with human economic history

Jamieson

Hulme-Beaman

et al. 2022

Nat Commun

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…They may have been extirpated entirely from the northern provinces including Britain 32,38,39 , and the percentage of archaeological sites with black rat remains declined even in the Western Empire's Italian core 40 . By contrast, black rats remained common in the Balkans and Anatolia until at least the 6 th century CE, presumably reflecting continued stability in the Eastern Roman Empire [41][42][43][44] . Since 5 th -8 th century zooarchaeological data is limited in many regions, the pattern of post-Roman absence may partly represent research bias 45 , though early medieval black rats are rare even where other small mammals are reported 38 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeogenomic analysis of black rat (Rattus rattus) reveals multiple European introductions associated with human economic history

Jamieson

Hulme-Beaman

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The distribution of the black rat (Rattus rattus) has been heavily influenced by its association with humans. The dispersal history of this non-native commensal rodent across Europe, however, remains poorly understood, and different introductions may have occurred during the Roman and medieval periods. Here, in order to reconstruct the population history of European black rats, we generated a de novo genome assembly of the black rat, 67 ancient black rat mitogenomes and 36 ancient nuclear genomes from sites spanning the 1st-17th centuries CE in Europe and North Africa. Analyses of mitochondrial DNA confirm that black rats were introduced into the Mediterranean and Europe from Southwest Asia. Genomic analyses of the ancient rats reveal a population turnover in temperate Europe between the 6th and 10th centuries CE, coincident with an archaeologically attested decline in the black rat population. The near disappearance and re-emergence of black rats in Europe may have been the result of the breakdown of the Roman Empire, the First Plague Pandemic, and/or post-Roman climatic cooling.

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Triticum timopheevii s.l. (‘new glume wheat’) finds in regions of southern and eastern Europe across space and time

Filipović,

Jones,

Kirleis

et al. 2023

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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Triticum timopheevii sensu lato (‘new glume wheat’, NGW) was first recognised as a distinct prehistoric cereal crop through work on archaeobotanical finds from Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in northern Greece. This was later followed by its identification in archaeobotanical assemblages from other parts of Europe. This paper provides an overview of the currently known archaeobotanical finds of Timopheev’s wheat in southeastern and eastern Europe and observes their temporal span and spatial distribution. To date, there are 89 prehistoric sites with these finds, located in different parts of the study region and dated from the Neolithic to the very late Iron Age. Their latest recorded presence in the region is in the last centuries bce. For assemblages from the site as a whole containing at least 30 grain and/or chaff remains of Timopheev’s wheat, we take a brief look at the overall relative proportions of Triticum monococcum (einkorn), T. dicoccum (emmer) and T. timopheevii s.l. (Timopheev’s wheat), the three most common glume wheats in our study region in prehistory. We highlight several sites where the overall proportions of Timopheev’s wheat might be taken to suggest it was a minor component of a mixed crop (maslin), or an unmonitored inclusion in einkorn or emmer fields. At the same sites, however, there are also discrete contexts where this wheat is strongly predominant, pointing to its cultivation as a pure crop. We therefore emphasise the need to evaluate the relative representation of Timopheev’s wheat at the level of individual samples or contexts before making inferences on its cultivation status. We also encourage re-examination of prehistoric and historic cereal assemblages for its remains.

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Rethinking ruralization in terms of resilience: Subsistence strategies in sixth-century Caričin Grad in the light of plant and animal bone finds

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Palaeogenomic analysis of black rat (Rattus rattus) reveals multiple European introductions associated with human economic history

Palaeogenomic analysis of black rat (Rattus rattus) reveals multiple European introductions associated with human economic history

Palaeogenomic analysis of black rat (Rattus rattus) reveals multiple European introductions associated with human economic history

Triticum timopheevii s.l. (‘new glume wheat’) finds in regions of southern and eastern Europe across space and time

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