Rethinking safety in numbers: are intersections with more crossing pedestrians really safer?

Xu, Pengpeng; Ni, Dong; Wong, S. C.; Huang, Helai

doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042469

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Information from 3 studies is about the safety in Parts of Roadways provided in different parts of China (Bian et al 2020;Ma, Lu and Zhang 2020;Jiang et al 2018). Hong Kong-based two studies mentioned safety for pedestrians of Specific Areas (Leung and Loo 2020;Guo et al 2017) and one study for Parts of Roadways (Xu et al, 2017). The review includes 3 South Korea based studies, two of which fall under the theme 'Parts of Roadways' (Choi et al, 2019;Kim, Kim and Lee, 2016), and one study falls under the theme 'Specific Areas' (Choi, Yoon and Jung 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiatives for the Safety of Pedestrians in Asian Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

Nazneen

Zainol

2021

JSCP

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Walking is a standard communication mode around the world. Despite its' importance, walking facilities are less prioritized, and pedestrians are often prone to many accidents, which denotes the essence of pedestrians' safety. To date, very few studies focus on comparing safety initiatives in different countries. This literature review aims at presenting the initiatives taken for pedestrians' safety, specifically in Asian countries, where the pedestrian death rate is on the rise. With the keywords (initiatives, safety, pedestrians), databases (WoS, Scopus, Science Direct), eligibility and exclusion criteria for the systematic literature review, 20 articles are selected using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. From the extracted data, initiatives taken for the safety of pedestrians are divided into two themes and eight sub-themes: for Specific Area (5 sub-themes) and Parts of Roadways (3 sub-themes). The result shows that most of the safety initiatives focused on different sections of roadways compared to the needs of areas specified for the respective affairs of a group of people. Also, regarding studies on safety initiatives, there is an insufficient exploration of safety measures for pedestrians by researchers. Thus, this study gives an idea of the initiatives prevailing for pedestrians' safety and the aspects that require special attention from the related authorities of different Asian countries. Researchers are recommended to conduct future research on sidewalk safety, adapt qualitative study and PRISMA method for improved systematic review reporting.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiatives for the Safety of Pedestrians in Asian Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

Nazneen

Zainol

2021

JSCP

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“…Despite the potential under-reporting of less severe injuries [36], it is the only representative data source publicly available for such a long-time span. The same dataset is also readily used by local authorities for safety policymaking [6,8,10,29,30,47,48]. One major challenge to quantifying the danger of cycling is the lack of reliable data on exposure [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We obtained crash data from the Traffic Road Accident Database, which is maintained by the Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong Transport Department [10]. These data are routinely collected by the police at the scenes of crashes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclists injured in traffic crashes in Hong Kong: A call for action

Wong

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Background Perceived as a minor transportation mode mainly for recreation, cycling and its related safety issues have not been treated as a citywide concern in Hong Kong and have thus received inadequate research efforts. Our study aimed to illuminate the safety challenges faced by cyclists in Hong Kong. Methods We examined the police crash records from 1998 to 2017 and developed a Bayesian Poisson state space model to evaluate the longitudinal change in traffic injuries to cyclists. We then used quasi-induced exposure to measure the annual relative risk of crash involvement for cycling. Based on an officially published travel characteristics survey, we further measured the risk of injury for cycling per minutes cycled. Results Between 1998 and 2017, Hong Kong witnessed a more than twofold increase in the number of cyclist injuries, with an average annual increase rate of 5.18% (95% CI: 0.53%–12.77%). By 2017, cyclists were 2.21 (1.82–2.69) times more likely to be involved in traffic crashes than in 1998. Per 10 million minutes, the injury rates for cycling were 28.64 (27.43–29.70) and 42.54 (41.07–44.02) on weekdays during 2001–2003 and 2010–2012. After adjusting for sex and age groups, cyclists were 1.95 (1.43–2.61) times more likely to be injured in 2010–2012 than in 2001–2003. Per minutes traveled, cyclists also sustained significantly higher risks of fatality and injury than pedestrians, private car drivers and passengers, taxi passengers, public bus passengers, and minibus passengers. A comparison of Hong Kong with other regions suggests that Hong Kong is among the most dangerous areas for cycling in terms of fatality rate per minutes cycled. Conclusions Cyclist injuries have become a substantial public health burden in Hong Kong. A range of countermeasures with proven effectiveness should be promptly implemented to improve the safety of these vulnerable road users.

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“…With the increasing number of traffic crashes occurring in the past decade, both researchers and practitioners in the road safety field have been focusing on topics such as crash risks, severity levels, and safety behaviors to propose prevention measures for alleviating social and economic losses [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Some scholars are focused on investigating the risk factors and severity levels of crashes in specific scenarios, as the mechanisms of crashes may vary considerably in different situations, e.g., with different traffic conditions, involving different numbers of vehicles, or caused by different at-fault driver groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influential Factors Associated with Consecutive Crash Severity: A Two-Level Logistic Modeling Approach

Meng

Song

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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A consecutive crash series is composed by a primary crash and one or more subsequent secondary crashes that occur immediately within a certain distance. The crash mechanism of a consecutive crash series is distinctive, as it is different from common primary and secondary crashes mainly caused by queuing effects and chain-reaction crashes that involve multiple collisions in one crash. It commonly affects a large area of road space and possibly causes congestions and significant delays in evacuation and clearance. This study identified the influential factors determining the severity of primary and secondary crashes in a consecutive crash series. Basic, random-effects, random-parameters, and two-level binary logistic regression models were established based on crash data collected on the freeway network of Guizhou Province, China in 2018, of which 349 were identified as consecutive crashes. According to the model performance metrics, the two-level logistic model outperformed the other three models. On the crash level, double-vehicle primary crash had a negative association with the severity of secondary consecutive crashes, and the involvement of trucks in the secondary consecutive crash had a positive contribution to its crash severity. On a road segment level, speed limit, traffic volume, tunnel, and extreme weather conditions such as rainy and cloudy days had positive effects on consecutive crash severity, while the number of lanes was negatively associated with consecutive crash severity. Policy suggestions are made to alleviate the severity of consecutive crashes by reminding the drivers with real-time potential hazards of severe consecutive crashes and providing educative programs to specific groups of drivers.

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Rethinking safety in numbers: are intersections with more crossing pedestrians really safer?

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

Initiatives for the Safety of Pedestrians in Asian Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

Initiatives for the Safety of Pedestrians in Asian Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

Cyclists injured in traffic crashes in Hong Kong: A call for action

Influential Factors Associated with Consecutive Crash Severity: A Two-Level Logistic Modeling Approach

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