Rethinking the biological relationships of the thyroid hormones, l-thyroxine and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine

Maher, Stacey K.; Wojnarowicz, Pola; Ichu, Taka Aki; Veldhoen, Nik; Lü, Linghong; Lesperance, Mary; Propper, Catherine R.; Helbing, Caren C.

doi:10.1016/j.cbd.2016.04.002

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…This was also reflected by the significant increase of TRβ protein levels induced by T3, T4, and E2. It should be noted that the increased protein levels caused by ZEN and hormones were only observed in the presence of glia, proving their modulatory effect, and in part, explaining the TRβ expression in response to T4; however, a direct modulation of TRs by T4 was also proposed by other studies [ 81 ]. Both TRα and TRβ receptors have been identified in different types of astroglia and microglia [ 33 , 82 ] and their differential expression might also contribute to the increased protein expression observed in Glia+ cultures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Comparative Analysis of Zearalenone Effects on Thyroid Receptor Alpha (TRα) and Beta (TRβ) Expression in Rat Primary Cerebellar Cell Cultures

Kiss

Ioja

Tóth

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Thyroid receptors play an important role in postnatal brain development. Zearalenone (ZEN), a major mycotoxin of Fusarium fungi, is well known to cause serious health problems in animals and humans through various mechanisms, including the physiological pathways of thyroid hormone (TH). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression of thyroid receptors α (TRα) and β (TRβ) in primary cerebellar neurons in the presence or absence of glia and following ZEN treatment, using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Primary cerebellar granule cells were treated with low doses of ZEN (0.1 nM) in combination with physiologically relevant concentrations of l-thyroxine (T4), 3,3′,5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) and 17β-estradiol (E2). Expression levels of TRα and TRβ at mRNA and protein levels were slightly modified by ZEN administered alone; however, along with thyroid and steroid hormones, modelling the physiological conditions, expression levels of TRs varied highly depending on the given treatment. Gene expression levels were also highly modulated by the presence or absence of glial cells, with mostly contrasting effects. Our results demonstrate divergent transcriptional and translational mechanisms involved in the expression of TRs implied by ZEN and hormonal milieu, as well as culturing conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Comparative Analysis of Zearalenone Effects on Thyroid Receptor Alpha (TRα) and Beta (TRβ) Expression in Rat Primary Cerebellar Cell Cultures

Kiss

Ioja

Tóth

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…The majority of recent studies examining precocious metamorphosis induced by THs have used physiological levels (e.g., 10–50 nM). More recently, however, studies have shown that premetamorphic tadpoles are competent to respond to lower, more environmentally-relevant levels of T 3 and T 4 found in wastewater (6, 7). Maher et al found that in Rana [ Lithobates ] ( R .)…”

Section: Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminant and Environmental Influences on Thyroid Hormone Action in Amphibian Metamorphosis

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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Aquatic and terrestrial environments are increasingly contaminated by anthropogenic sources that include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and industrial and agricultural chemicals (i. e., pesticides). Many of these substances have the potential to disrupt endocrine function, yet their effect on thyroid hormone (TH) action has garnered relatively little attention. Anuran postembryonic metamorphosis is strictly dependent on TH and perturbation of this process can serve as a sensitive barometer for the detection and mechanistic elucidation of TH disrupting activities of chemical contaminants and their complex mixtures. The ecological threats posed by these contaminants are further exacerbated by changing environmental conditions such as temperature, photoperiod, pond drying, food restriction, and ultraviolet radiation. We review the current knowledge of several chemical and environmental factors that disrupt TH-dependent metamorphosis in amphibian tadpoles as assessed by morphological, thyroid histology, behavioral, and molecular endpoints. Although the molecular mechanisms for TH disruption have yet to be determined for many chemical and environmental factors, several affect TH synthesis, transport or metabolism with subsequent downstream effects. As molecular dysfunction typically precedes phenotypic or histological pathologies, sensitive assays that detect changes in transcript, protein, or metabolite abundance are indispensable for the timely detection of TH disruption. The emergence and application of ‘omics techniques—genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics—on metamorphosing tadpoles are powerful emerging assets for the rapid, proxy assessment of toxicant or environmental damage for all vertebrates including humans. Moreover, these highly informative ‘omics techniques will complement morphological, behavioral, and histological assessments, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of how TH-dependent signal disruption is propagated by environmental contaminants and factors.

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“…[46][47][48] However, there is increasing appreciation that T4 may also exert direct, T3 conversion-independent effects, again including in human HFs. 48,49 Such effects can be exerted in a TR-nuclear independent, non-genomic manner by partnering with different cytosolic mediators (see Figure 1 for more details). 29,50,51 The plasma membrane transport of THs is facilitated and regulated by specialized, energy-dependent transporter systems, 52 while TH metabolism and thereby local TH activity in a given tissue is enzymatically controlled via differentially expressed deiodinases.…”

Section: Thyroid Hormone ( Th) B I Ologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical L‐thyroxine: The Cinderella among hormones waiting to dance on the floor of dermatological therapy?

Paus

Ramot

Kirsner

et al. 2020

Experimental Dermatology

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Dermatologists have used natural or synthetic agonists of glucocorticoid, vitamin D or retinoid nuclear hormone receptors, both systemically and topically, for decades in the management of skin diseases. In fact, the introduction of glucocorticoids, calcitriols and retinoids into the clinic each constituted landmark progress in skin therapies, and the range of dermatological indications for each of these distinct classes of chemicals rapidly expanded after they became widely accepted in clinical practice. 1,2 Given the success of these agents, it is surprising that a fourth class of potent nuclear hormone receptor agonists has not been developed as part of the therapeutic arsenal of dermatology: endogenous and synthetic thyroid hormone receptor (TR) ligands. 3 This "Cinderella status" of these peptide hormones among endocrinological dermatotherapy is even more surprising in view of

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Rethinking the biological relationships of the thyroid hormones, l-thyroxine and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine

Cited by 27 publications

References 59 publications

Comparative Analysis of Zearalenone Effects on Thyroid Receptor Alpha (TRα) and Beta (TRβ) Expression in Rat Primary Cerebellar Cell Cultures

Comparative Analysis of Zearalenone Effects on Thyroid Receptor Alpha (TRα) and Beta (TRβ) Expression in Rat Primary Cerebellar Cell Cultures

Contaminant and Environmental Influences on Thyroid Hormone Action in Amphibian Metamorphosis

Topical L‐thyroxine: The Cinderella among hormones waiting to dance on the floor of dermatological therapy?

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