Rethinking the Psychogenic Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Somatoform Disorders and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Hill, Renee J.; Chopra, Pradeep; Richardi, Toni

doi:10.5812/aapm.7282

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder that is characterized by disordered mood, cognition, neurovegetative functions, and mental activity [20] . Clinically, the diagnosis of MDD is mainly based on a subjective symptom assessment, while no objective and effective measurements are available so far [21] .…”

Section: Neuropsychiatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Biomarkers of Brain Diseases

Gao

2015

Genomics, Proteomics &Amp; Bioinformatics

119

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Biomarkers are the measurable changes associated with a physiological or pathophysiological process. Unlike blood, urine is not subject to homeostatic mechanisms. Therefore, greater fluctuations could occur in urine than in blood, better reflecting the changes in human body. The roadmap of urine biomarker era was proposed. Although urine analysis has been attempted for clinical diagnosis, and urine has been monitored during the progression of many diseases, particularly urinary system diseases, whether urine can reflect brain disease status remains uncertain. As some biomarkers of brain diseases can be detected in the body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid and blood, there is a possibility that urine also contain biomarkers of brain diseases. This review summarizes the clues of brain diseases reflected in the urine proteome and metabolome.

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Section: Neuropsychiatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Biomarkers of Brain Diseases

Gao

2015

Genomics, Proteomics &Amp; Bioinformatics

119

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“…Chronic pain is a common public health problem in that it affects one-fifth of adults worldwide ( 13 ). Pain relief, either medically or surgically, is an essential human right and is a responsibility of physicians especially anesthesiologists working in pain clinics ( 14 - 16 ). Also, about 20% of Europeans complain of chronic pain ( 12 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of the Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Referring to a Pain Clinic with Subacute and Chronic Pain

Rohanifar¹,

Azarfarin

Razavi

et al. 2016

Anesth Pain Med

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ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to assess and compare the sociodemographic characteristics and clinical features of patients referring to a university hospital’s pain clinic with chronic ( ≥ 12 weeks) and subacute pain ( < 12 weeks).MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 426 patients were included. Demographic variables including education level, marital and employment status, and risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and opium addiction were recorded. Also, sites of pain, pain quality and associated symptoms, and pain severity were assessed using a numerical rating scale. Each one of these variables was compared between the chronic and subacute pain groups.ResultsOf the 426 studied patients, 292 (69%) had chronic pain and 134 (31%) reported subacute pain. Patients with chronic pain were older and had higher body mass indices. Additionally, self-employment was less frequent among the chronic pain group. The patients with chronic pain had a higher prevalence of addiction. The most commonly reported site of pain in all patients was the lower back (62.4%), followed by pain in the leg and foot (39.9%), knee (24.4%), and hip (18.8%). There were no statistically significant differences in pain sites between the two groups, except for knee pain, which was more common among the chronic pain group. The patients with chronic pain had a higher incidence of obscure and persistent pain, while those with subacute pain experienced more night pain.ConclusionsAbout one-third of the patients referring to the pain clinic had subacute pain. The patients with chronic pain were older and more obese, had a higher prevalence of addiction, had more cases of knee pain, and reported more instances of obscure and persistent pain than those with subacute pain.

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“…This approach inherently places the blame on the patient for his or her symptoms. 20 In regard to chronic pain conditions or rare disease presentations such as abdominal epilepsy, physicans must be willing to acknlowdge their own educational and clinical shortcomings. The patient's phenomenological experience of pain, whatever the cause, deserves the astute consideration and thoughtful professional care of his or her treatment team.…”

Section: Broader Clinical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%