Reticular diaphragmatic hernia in water buffalo: clinical characteristics, haematology, biochemical analytes, and prognostic indicators

Hussain, Syed Ashaq; Uppal, S. K.; Mahajan, Shashi Kant; Sood, Naresh Kumar

doi:10.1007/s00580-021-03251-y

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…So, pregnancy seemed to be a greater risk factor than recent calving in the present study. The clinical findings were nonspecific and resembled other abdominal disorders like traumatic reticuloperitonitis, abomasal ulceration, and reticular diaphragmatic hernia [4,26,27], but were similar to published findings in cattle and buffaloes [5,11,28]. It is important to mention that the signs of complete anorexia, colic, tympany, loss of defecation, depression, dehydration, tachycardia, and tachypnoea were less pronounced than reported for peritonitis in cattle [11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Similar to an earlier study [15], retesting of fecal samples after storage did not increase their positivity for occult blood. Like the present study, other abdominal disorders have been reported to result in secondary melena like traumatic reticulo-peritonitis [20], traumatic pericarditis [25], and reticular diaphragmatic hernia [26]. These disorders were also ruled out in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The changes in hemogram may be attributed to an immunological response to peritonitis [33]. The mean WBC count was higher than reported for other bovine gastrointestinal disorders like rumen impaction, reticular diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal obstruction, caecal dilatation, and vagal indigestion [6,14,26,30,34] but comparable to that reported for omasal impaction, peritonitis, and traumatic pericarditis [11,13,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Pneumoperitoneum not associated with surgery has been reported to be indicative of bacterial peritonitis and the presence of gas-producing bacteria [10]. Like peritonitis, vomiting has been reported to be an infrequent sign in other abdominal disorders like intestinal obstruction [6] and reticular diaphragmatic hernia [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The important probable causes could be hypovolemia, reduced hepatic utilization, and decreased renal clearance due to azotemia. Abomasal reflux (indicated by increased rumen chloride concentration) could be the cause of dehydration, hypochloremia and azotemia [1,26,34]. As forage is the main source of potassium, anorexia could be the cause of hypokalemia [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinico-Biochemical Parameters, Treatment, and Prognostic Indicators of Peritonitis in Buffaloes

et al. 2022

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Background: The present study aimed to describe clinical findings, hemato-biochemical changes, response to medical treatment, and outcomes for buffaloes suffering from peritonitis. Another objective of this study was to determine the prognosis of the disease. Methods: The study was conducted on 25 buffaloes suffering from peritonitis and presented to the Large Animal Hospital of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The buffaloes were subjected to detailed clinical examination. Hematological, biochemical, and peritoneal fluid analysis was carried out along with treatment. Results: Peritonitis was more prevalent in pregnant buffaloes, being septic peritonitis in 60% of cases. The important clinical findings were depression, anorexia, reduced water intake, scanty feces, dehydration, and absence of rumen motility. The hematological findings were hemoconcentration, left shift, and toxic changes in neutrophils. Biochemical analysis revealed increased total bilirubin, AST, ALP, GGT, glucose, triglycerides, BUN, creatinine, lactate, fibrinogen, and rumen chloride, whereas albumin, fibrinogen ratio, potassium, chloride, calcium, and phosphorus were decreased. Abnormal peritoneal fluid changes were altered physical parameters and the presence of degenerated neutrophils, bacteria, and gut contents. Nucleated cell count and total peritoneal fluid protein were not reliable indicators of peritonitis. The absence of rumen motility, marked left shift, toxic changes in neutrophils, higher BUN, lower potassium (≤3.6 mmol/L), and unfavorable peritoneal fluid changes were the negative prognostic signs. Treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics and supportive therapy led to a recovery in about 50 percent of cases, with diffuse peritonitis cases being unresponsive. Long time survival rate was good, and there was no recurrence. Conclusion: The prognosis of peritonitis in buffaloes has to be precisely assessed on the basis of clinical, hemato-biochemical, and peritoneal fluid alterations. Standard classification of transudate and exudate did not apply in the majority of buffaloes with peritonitis.

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