Reticulated Vitreous Carbon Electrode for Copper(II) Removal from Dilute Acid Solutions:  Effect of the Dissolved Oxygen

Polcaro, Am; Palmas, Simonetta; Mascia, Michele; Renoldi, F.; Santos, Ronaldo Luiz Correa dos

doi:10.1021/ie980495p

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Polcaro et al [45] reported on the effect of dissolved oxygen in the removal of copper from dilute acid solutions. They presented a mathematical model to interpret the influence of O 2 during copper deposition and concluded that an increase in flow rate enhanced the current for copper deposition, (a logical consequence of mass transport control).…”

Section: Copper Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reticulated vitreous carbon as an electrode material

Friedrich

Ponce-de-León

Reade³

et al. 2004

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

324

185

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An illustrated review of reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) as an electrode material is presented. Early uses of RVC were largely restricted to small-scale (< 1 cm 3 ) electroanalytical studies in research laboratories. RVC properties of a high ratio of surface area to volume and minimal reactivity over a wide range of process conditions, combined with low cost and easy handling, have resulted in a steady diversification of its applications both in research laboratories and in industry. The physical structure of RVC (in terms of pores per linear inch, strut length, strut thickness and area of the trigonal strut) is examined for 10, 30, 60 and 100 ppi (pores per linear inch) grades using scanning electron microscopy. The accurate measurement of these geometrical values presents both theoretical (in terms of definition of trigonal strut area, beginning and end of single strand) and practical problems (large differences in strut length and thickness in individual samples). Data are presented to show the relationships between geometrical properties. Applications include electroanalytical studies and sensors, metal ion removal, synthesis of organics and FentonÕs reagent, H 2 O 2 production and batteries/fuel cells.

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Section: Copper Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reticulated vitreous carbon as an electrode material

Friedrich

Ponce-de-León

Reade³

et al. 2004

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

324

185

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A generic schematic of the experimental apparatus described in all the papers analyzed herein is shown in Figure 3, while Figure 4 shows an example of the porous 3-dimensional RVC cathode on which the depletion process is based. Further details are reported in papers [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]50]. Despite the experimental setup being almost the same in all the cases taken into account, it seems that even slight differences, together with the peculiar features of each ionic species, can produce quite different results [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]44,46,50].…”

Section: Experimental System Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrodes may be flat (two-dimensional solid electrodes) or porous (three-dimensional), either with a horizontal or vertical configuration [ 30 ]. The electrochemical methodology and reactors, especially when equipped with three-dimensional electrodes, have proved to be very efficient to decrease the amounts of metals in aqueous solutions [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ] and have allowed the authors, in a previous study [ 46 ], to obtain a successful depletion of Ni +2 and Co +2 . Considering that the hydrodynamic processes of ions transporting and reducing at reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) three-dimensional cathodes are usually studied under mass-transfer control conditions, the dimensionless analysis is based on (i) the Sherwood number, which takes into account the convective and diffusive mass transports, and (ii) the Reynolds number, which considers the hydrodynamic condition of the flows passing through the RVC three-dimensional electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Divalent Metal Ion Depletion from Wastewater by RVC Cathodes: A Critical Review

Dell’Era,

Lupi,

Ciro

et al. 2024

Materials

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In this paper, a critical review of results obtained using a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) three-dimensional cathode for the electrochemical depletion of various divalent ions, such as Cu+2, Cd+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Ni+2, and Co+2, often present in wastewater, has been carried out. By analyzing the kinetics and fluid dynamics of the process found in literature, a general dimensionless equation, Sh = f(Re), has been determined, describing a general trend for all the analyzed systems regardless of the geometry, dimensions, and starting conditions. Thus, a map in the log(Sh) vs. log(Re) plane has been reported by characterizing the whole ion electrochemical depletion process and highlighting the existence of a good correlation among all the results. Moreover, because in recent years, the interest in using this three-dimensional cathode material seems to have slowed, the intent is to revive it as a useful tool for metal recovery, recycling processes, and water treatments.

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“…There has been recently a considerable increase of publications, which shows that there is a pressing necessity of intensification of leach processes of nonferrous metals due to complicating of refinable raw materials. Electrodes (Friedrich and Snell, 2004) and nonorganic and organic solutions (Leaist et al, 1989;Polcaro et al, 1999;Tangirala et al, 2010) are used to accelerate dissolution of nonferrous metals.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research of the Interacting Process of Copper-Base Alloys with Leaching Solutions under the Action of Different Physicochemical Factors

Kenzhaliyev¹,

Berkinbayeva²,

Sharipov³

2015

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Analysis of the current scientific and technical data shows the increased difficulty in innovative solutions development for metal extraction from different kinds of mineral raw materials, due to fundamental change in mineral resources base of metallurgy. Apart from polymetallic ores, complex in chemistry and intractable, the basis for the current mineral resources base is formed by technogenic production waste, so-called recovered materials. The source for nonferrous metals is not only mineral but also recovered materials. The possibility of copper and zinc extraction from recovered materials, particularly from latten, widely-used in technology, has been examined. The article studies influence of different physicochemical factors on the process of dissolution of copper-base alloys by cathode and anode polarization of a sulfur-graphite electrode. It is specified that copper and zinc extraction by cathode polarization is 25 and 30% respectively. During the solution process, copper is oxidized and sulfurized and complex zinc sulfates are formed, which prevent metals from further dissolution. Electrolyte concentration, current density and temperature contribute to metal solubility increase. It is shown that the difference in leach process of metal alloys and polymetallic minerals is connected both with metal alloys' structure and mechanism of metals' solution in nonorganic aqua solution. The results of the phase analysis prove that sulfide and copper oxides and hydrated zinc sulfate, i.е., zinc dissolution is made via formation of sulfates.

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Reticulated Vitreous Carbon Electrode for Copper(II) Removal from Dilute Acid Solutions: Effect of the Dissolved Oxygen

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Reticulated vitreous carbon as an electrode material

Reticulated vitreous carbon as an electrode material

Divalent Metal Ion Depletion from Wastewater by RVC Cathodes: A Critical Review

Research of the Interacting Process of Copper-Base Alloys with Leaching Solutions under the Action of Different Physicochemical Factors

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