Reticulocytosis and Bone Marrow cAMP Level in Rats Following Physical Exercises

Szyguła, Zbigniew; Dabrowski, Z; Kubica, R; Miszta, H

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3291-6_57

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…Stressors may increase, decrease, or have no effect on red cell mass (assessed by red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit), depending on the duration and intensity of the stressor. In general, acute stressors causing primarily EPI-related effects (such as handling, exercise, or restraint) result in increased red cell mass and increased circulating reticulocytes due to release of mature and immature red blood cells from spleen and bone marrow (Hannon, Bossone, and Rodkey 1985; Joles et al 1982; Laub et al 1993; Szygula et al 1985). In contrast, chronic stress is associated with decreased red blood cell mass and decreased or unchanged reticulocyte counts; for toxicity studies, these changes are most commonly observed in association with decreased food consumption and/or poor health (see above: Stress effects on hematopoiesis).…”

Section: Clinical Pathology and Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting Stress Responses during Routine Toxicity Studies

et al. 2013

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Stress often occurs during toxicity studies. The perception of sensory stimuli as stressful primarily results in catecholamine release and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to increase serum glucocorticoid concentrations. Downstream effects of these neuroendocrine signals may include decreased total body weights or body weight gain; food consumption and activity; altered organ weights (e.g., thymus, spleen, adrenal); lymphocyte depletion in thymus and spleen; altered circulating leukocyte counts (e.g., increased neutrophils with decreased lymphocytes and eosinophils); and altered reproductive functions. Typically, only some of these findings occur in a given study. Stress responses should be interpreted as secondary (indirect) rather than primary (direct) test article-related findings. Determining whether effects are the result of stress requires a weight-of-evidence approach. The evaluation and interpretation of routinely collected data (standard in-life, clinical pathology, and anatomic pathology endpoints) are appropriate and generally sufficient to assess whether or not changes are secondary to stress. The impact of possible stress-induced effects on data interpretation can partially be mitigated by toxicity study designs that use appropriate control groups (e.g., cohorts treated with vehicle and subjected to the same procedures as those dosed with test article), housing that minimizes isolation and offers environmental enrichment, and experimental procedures that minimize stress and sampling and analytical bias.This article is a comprehensive overview of the biological aspects of the stress response, beginning with a Summary (Section 1) and an Introduction (Section 2) that describes the historical and conventional methods used to characterize acute and chronic stress responses. These sections are followed by reviews of the primary systems and parameters that regulate and/or are influenced by stress, with an emphasis on parameters evaluated in toxicity studies:

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Section: Clinical Pathology and Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting Stress Responses during Routine Toxicity Studies

et al. 2013

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Adrenal hypertrophy in rats caused by 90-day force-feeding concomitant with the non-toxic effects of Antrodia cinnamomea

Hu,

Huang,

Taub

et al. 2024

Phytomedicine Plus

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Erythrocytic System under the Influence of Physical Exercise and Training

Szyguła

1990

Sports Medicine

119

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It is obvious that physical performance, endurance capacity and resistance to fatigue in humans are dependent upon many different factors. One factor, the oxygen carrying capacity of blood, seems to be of particular importance. This factor is mainly determined by haemoglobin concentration, number of circulating erythrocytes and the efficiency of their functions. A single bout of physical effort and, even more, repeated exercise may change the morphological indices of blood and influence the erythropoietic processes in the bone marrow. That is why there is so great an interest now attached to the effects of physical exercise on the erythrocytic system. Although in recent years many papers have been published on the subjects their findings pertaining to the effects of single bouts of exercise and systematic training on the erythrocytic system are often contradictory. The haematological parameters in some top-class athletes, particularly those performing in endurance disciplines are lowered at rest. Anaemia has been described in sportsmen, even among the members of Olympic teams. This type of anaemia has been called 'sports anaemia', 'athletes' anaemia' or 'postexercise anaemia' in order to emphasise its character. Among many possible causes which may bring about the development of sports anaemia the most commonly recognised are: postexercise plasma expansion, intensified haemolysis during physical efforts, iron deficiency, losses of erythrocytes by the way of bleeding into the digestive and urinary systems and also some disturbances in erythropoiesis. However, there is evidence of the intensification of erythropoiesis by many factors occurring during physical exercise.

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Reticulocytosis and Bone Marrow cAMP Level in Rats Following Physical Exercises

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Interpreting Stress Responses during Routine Toxicity Studies

Interpreting Stress Responses during Routine Toxicity Studies

Adrenal hypertrophy in rats caused by 90-day force-feeding concomitant with the non-toxic effects of Antrodia cinnamomea

Erythrocytic System under the Influence of Physical Exercise and Training

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