Retinal Architecture and Melanopsin-Mediated Pupillary Response Characteristics

Meltzer, Ethan; Sguigna, Peter V.; Subei, Adnan; Beh, Shin C.; Kildebeck, Eric J.; Conger, Darrel; Conger, Amy; Lucero, Marlen; Frohman, Benjamin S.; Frohman, Ashley N.; Saidha, Shiv; Galetta, Steven; Calabresi, Peter A.; Rennaker, Robert L.; Frohman, Teresa C.; Kardon, Randy H.; Balcer, Laura J.; Frohman, Elliot M.

doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.5131

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Two other studies found seasonal differences: one study of a mixed group of healthy and depressed adults showed greater PIPR in summer ( 42 ), and another study of SAD patients had lower PIPR only in winter when compared with controls ( 46 ). The distinction whether a larger PIPR indicates greater melanopsin-dependent light sensitivity is important and a common methodological consensus will be needed if the pupil is targeted to be a biomarker of pathology such as seasonal depression or multiple sclerosis ( 42 , 72 ). Taken together it might be that various other processes related to opsin regulation have variable influence on changes in seasonal light responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanopsin-Mediated Acute Light Responses Measured in Winter and in Summer: Seasonal Variations in Adults with and without Cataracts

et al. 2017

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Seasonal adaptation is a ubiquitous behavior seen in many species on both global hemispheres and is conveyed by changing photoperiods. In humans this seasonal adaptation is less apparent, in part because changes in daylength are masked by the use of electrical lighting at night. On the other hand, cataracts which reduce light transmission, may compound seasonal changes related to the reduced daylength of winter. To better understand the effects of different photoperiod lengths in healthy adults without and with cataracts, we tested their melanopsin-mediated light responses in summer vs. winter. Fifty-two participants (mean age 67.4 years; 30 with bilateral cataracts and 22 age-matched controls with clear lenses; pseudophakes) were tested twice, once in summer and once in winter. At each test session we assessed the electroretinogram and pupil responses during daytime and we determined melatonin suppression, subjective sleepiness and mood in response to light exposure in the evening. Circadian rest-activity cycles and sleep from activity recordings were also analyzed for both seasons. Both groups had similar visual function. There were no seasonal differences in the electroretinogram. For the pupil responses to bright blue light, the post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) was greater in winter than summer in pseudophakes, but not in cataract participants, whereas melatonin suppression to acute light exposure showed no differences between both groups and seasons. Overall, intra-daily variability of rest-activity was worse in winter but participants felt sleepier and reported worse mood at the laboratory in evening time in the summer. Those with cataracts had poorer sleep quality with lower sleep efficiency, and higher activity during sleep in winter than summer. In this study, the PIPR showed a seasonal variation in which a larger response was found during winter. This variation was only detected in participants with a clear intraocular lens. In the cataract group, visual function was not impaired yet these participants showed a lack of seasonal changes in the pupil response to blue light and poorer sleep in winter. These findings raise the question for tailored lighting conditions for cataract patients in order to counter potentially deleterious effects of living with chronically lower light exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanopsin-Mediated Acute Light Responses Measured in Winter and in Summer: Seasonal Variations in Adults with and without Cataracts

et al. 2017

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“…One study looked at the pupillary light reflex in MS patients and found that attenuation of the melanopsin-mediated sustained pupillary constriction response was significantly associated with thinning of the GCIPL part of the retina, especially in patients with a history of acute ON [38].…”

Section: Pupillary Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis

Britze

Frederiksen

2018

Eye

109

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To summarize recent findings regarding the utility of optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis. We searched PubMed for relevant articles using the keywords 'optical coherence tomography multiple sclerosis'. Additional articles were found via references in these articles. We selected articles based on relevance. Optical coherence tomography has contributed to greater insights into the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. Loss of retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell layer thickness correlate with clinical and paraclinical parameters such as visual function, disability and magnetic resonance imaging. Some studies indicate that OCT parameters may be able to predict disability progression and visual function in MS. OCT angiography has recently emerged as a novel technique to study MS. OCT has proven very useful with regards to research, monitoring and predicting disability in multiple sclerosis. It will be interesting to see how OCT angiography will contribute to this field.

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“…The PLR mediated by mRGCs has been investigated in different ophthalmological conditions including glaucoma (16–18), retinitis pigmentosa (19), diabetes (20), Leber's congenital amaurosis (14), age-related macular degeneration (21), and ischemic optic neuropathies (22, 23). Moreover, various neurological and psychiatric disorders have been evaluated, including hereditary optic neuropathies (24–29), seasonal affective disorder (SAD) (30), idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) (31, 32), multiple sclerosis (MS) (33), and Parkinson's disease (PD) (34).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanopsin Retinal Ganglion Cells and Pupil: Clinical Implications for Neuro-Ophthalmology

2018

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Melanopsin retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) are intrinsically photosensitive RGCs that mediate many relevant non-image forming functions of the eye, including the pupillary light reflex, through the projections to the olivary pretectal nucleus. In particular, the post-illumination pupil response (PIPR), as evaluated by chromatic pupillometry, can be used as a reliable marker of mRGC function in vivo. In the last years, pupillometry has become a promising tool to assess mRGC dysfunction in various neurological and neuro-ophthalmological conditions. In this review we will present the most relevant findings of pupillometric studies in glaucoma, hereditary optic neuropathies, ischemic optic neuropathies, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and mood disorders. The use of PIPR as a marker for mRGC function is also proposed for other neurodegenerative disorders in which circadian dysfunction is documented.

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Retinal Architecture and Melanopsin-Mediated Pupillary Response Characteristics

Cited by 28 publications

References 46 publications

Melanopsin-Mediated Acute Light Responses Measured in Winter and in Summer: Seasonal Variations in Adults with and without Cataracts

Melanopsin-Mediated Acute Light Responses Measured in Winter and in Summer: Seasonal Variations in Adults with and without Cataracts

Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis

Melanopsin Retinal Ganglion Cells and Pupil: Clinical Implications for Neuro-Ophthalmology

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