Retinal Arterial Tone Is Controlled by a Retinal-Derived Relaxing Factor

Delaey, Christophe; Voorde, Johan Van de

doi:10.1161/01.res.83.7.714

Cited by 58 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…[40][41][42]46 However, other studies have shown a decrease in retinal blood flow with NOS inhibition. [21][22][23][24] Although, NO functions as a vasodilator and has been shown to control the basal arteriolar tone in the inner retina, 47 the presence of a retinal tissue-derived vasorelaxant 48,49 may counteract the effect of NOS inhibition, yielding a lack of alteration in the retinal vasculatures pO 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Chorioretinal Oxygen Tension Measurement

Shahidi¹,

Shakoor²,

Blair³

et al. 2006

Current Eye Research

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Purpose-To report an optical imaging system that was developed to measure oxygen tension (pO 2 ) in the chorioretinal vasculatures. The feasibility of the system for the measurement of changes in pO 2 separately in the retinal and choroidal vasculatures was established in rat eyes by varying the fraction of inspired oxygen and inhibiting nitric oxide activity.Methods-Our optical section phosphorescence imaging system was modified to provide quantitative measurements of pO 2 separately in the retinal and choroidal vasculatures. A narrow laser line was projected at an angle on the retina after intravenous injection of an oxygen-sensitive probe (Pd-porphyrin), and phosphorescence emission was imaged. A frequency-domain approach allowed measurements of the phosphorescence lifetime by varying the phase relationship between the modulated excitation laser light and sensitivity of the imaging camera. Chorioretinal pO 2 was measured while varying the fraction of inspired oxygen and during intravenous infusion of N ω -nitro-L-arginine (N ω -NLA), a nonselective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor.Results-The systemic arterial pO 2 varied according to the fraction of inspired oxygen. The pO 2 in the retinal and choroidal vasculatures increased as the fraction of inspired oxygen was increased. Compared with base-line, choroidal pO 2 decreased during infusion of N ω -NLA, whereas the pO 2 in the retinal vasculatures remained relatively unchanged. The choroidal pO 2 decreased markedly with each incremental increase in N ω -NLA infusion rate, in the range 1-6 mg/min, and there was no additional change in the choroidal pO 2 at N ω -NLA infusion rates above 6 mg/min.Conclusions-An optical method combining pO 2 phosphorescence imaging with chorioretinal optical sectioning was established that can potentially be applied for better understanding of retinal and choroidal oxygen dynamics in physiologic and pathologic states.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Chorioretinal Oxygen Tension Measurement

Shahidi¹,

Shakoor²,

Blair³

et al. 2006

Current Eye Research

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“…One possible function of serotonin released from retinopetal axons is to constrict retinal blood vessels. 42 In rats, serotonin applied intravenously or systemically produces retinal ischemia; the vessels supplying the optic disk are particularly sensitive. 43 In monkeys, however, intravenous serotonin produces ischemia only in animals with atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonergic Retinopetal Axons in the Monkey Retina

Gastinger¹,

Bordt

Bernal

et al. 2005

Current Eye Research

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Purpose-To describe serotonergic retinopetal axons in monkeys.Methods-Whole macaque and baboon retinas, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, were labeled with antisera raised against serotonin (5-HT).Results-Several large-diameter 5-HT-immunoreactive (IR) axons emerged from the optic disk. Most axons ran to the peripheral retina, where they branched extensively. Most terminated in the ganglion cell layer, but a few 5-HT-IR axons terminated in distal inner plexiform or within inner nuclear layer. Some axons branched extensively near the fovea, and a dense plexus of 5-HT-IR axons was also found around the optic disk. Varicose 5-HT-IR axons were also associated with blood vessels, especially in the central retina.Conclusions-Immunoreactive serotonin is present in a distinct population of retinopetal axons in the monkey retina. Receptors for serotonin are present in the primate retinas, and based on physiological studies in other mammals, these retinopetal axons are expected to modulate neuronal activity and regulate blood flow.

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“…These effects are mediated by diffusible chemical messengers (20). Further studies revealed that NMDA can act on perivascular cells to dilate retinal arterioles (21).…”

Section: A Mechanistic Understanding Of Neurovascular Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurovascular Interactions in the Retina: Physiological and Pathological Roles

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Increasing evidence suggests that the complex interactions among multiple cell types including neuronal, glial, and vascular cells, are critical for maintaining adequate cerebral blood flow that is necessary for normal brain function and survival. The disturbance of these interactions contributes to the pathogenesis of central nervous system disorders such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease. The retina is part of the central nervous system, and the properties of vasculature in the retina are similar to those in the brain. The interactions among multiple cell types in the retina also play an important role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and the impairment of interactions can contribute to the onset and/or progression of retinal diseases. In this review, we describe the neurovascular interactions in the retina and alternations of interactions in pathological conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma.

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Retinal Arterial Tone Is Controlled by a Retinal-Derived Relaxing Factor

Cited by 58 publications

References 12 publications

A Method for Chorioretinal Oxygen Tension Measurement

A Method for Chorioretinal Oxygen Tension Measurement

Serotonergic Retinopetal Axons in the Monkey Retina

Neurovascular Interactions in the Retina: Physiological and Pathological Roles

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