Retinal Drug Delivery: Rethinking Outcomes for the Efficient Replication of Retinal Behavior

Abstract

The retina is a highly organized structure that is considered to be "an approachable part of the brain." It is attracting the interest of development scientists, as it provides a model neurovascular system. Over the last few years, we have been witnessing significant development in the knowledge of the mechanisms that induce the shape of the retinal vascular system, as well as knowledge of disease processes that lead to retina degeneration. Knowledge and understanding of how our vision works are crucial to creating a hardware-adaptive computational model that can replicate retinal behavior. The neuronal system is nonlinear and very intricate. It is thus instrumental to have a clear view of the neurophysiological and neuroanatomic processes and to take into account the underlying principles that govern the process of hardware transformation to produce an appropriate model that can be mapped to a physical device. The mechanistic and integrated computational models have enormous potential toward helping to understand disease mechanisms and to explain the associations identified in large model-free data sets. The approach used is modulated and based on different models of drug administration, including the geometry of the eye. This work aimed to review the recently used mathematical models to map a directed retinal network.

La evaluación formativa: su implementación y principales desafíos en el contexto de la escuela y la educación superior

“…Por su parte, otros autores e investigaciones han profundizado en el uso de la EF en la educación superior universitaria (Abella, Ausín, Delgado y Casado, 2020;Souto, Jiménez y Navarro, 2020;Barrientos, 2019;Cáceres, Pérez, y Callado, 2019;Flórez, Páez, Fernández y Salgado, 2018;Anijovich, 2017;Rosenthal, 2015;Sánchez y Escobar, 2015;Anijovich, y González, 2011), y, a partir de evidencias empíricas, señalan el valor e importancia de la misma, para generar procesos de retroalimentación y autorregulación como base de la autonomía en el aprendizaje (Gómez y Yecid, 2020;Medina y Mollo, 2021;Anijovich, 2017;Canabal y Margalef, 2017).…”

“…Por otra parte, el estudio internacional de Ibarra y Rodríguez (2020) demuestra que la EF ha ido evolucionando desde finales del siglo pasado en el contexto de la educación superior, pero aún constituye un desafío que los estudiantes, transiten de tan solo comprender sus saberes, a poder orientarlos hacia una práctica estratégica a lo largo de la vida (Souto, Jiménez y Navarro, 2020). Esta transición es evidencia empírica del paso de la evaluación del aprendizaje a la evaluación para el aprendizaje.…”

Nanopharmaceuticals for Eye Administration: Sterilization, Depyrogenation and Clinical Applications

“…Nanopharmaceuticals for eye administration, known as complex systems, which are made of multiple components, should necessarily be sterile [11][12][13]. Thus, the manufacturing process must be sterile or terminal sterilization should be included in the process, while the further testing of nanopharmaceuticals in clinical trials is related to the approval of the production methods and quality assurance of the final product [11,12,14].…”