Retinal Fundus Imaging in Mouse Models of Retinal Diseases

Alex, Anne F.; Alnawaiseh, Maged; Heiduschka, Peter; Eter, Nicole

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-8669-9_17

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…To visualise the retinal vasculature in adult mice and retinal structure, fluorescence angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were applied using the device Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), as described by Alex et al [ 56 ]. Briefly, animals were anesthetised by an intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of 130 mg/kg ketamine (bela-pharm, Vechta, Germany) and 2.7 mg/kg xylazine (aniMedica, Senden-Bösensell, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of WWC2 Protein Leads to Aberrant Angiogenesis in Postnatal Mice

Brücher

Egbring

Plagemann

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The WWC protein family is an upstream regulator of the Hippo signalling pathway that is involved in many cellular processes. We examined the effect of an endothelium-specific WWC1 and/or WWC2 knock-out on ocular angiogenesis. Knock-outs were induced in C57BL/6 mice at the age of one day (P1) and evaluated at P6 (postnatal mice) or induced at the age of five weeks and evaluated at three months of age (adult mice). We analysed morphology of retinal vasculature in retinal flat mounts. In addition, in vivo imaging and functional testing by electroretinography were performed in adult mice. Adult WWC1/2 double knock-out mice differed neither functionally nor morphologically from the control group. In contrast, the retinas of the postnatal WWC knock-out mice showed a hyperproliferative phenotype with significantly enlarged areas of sprouting angiogenesis and a higher number of tip cells. The branching and end points in the peripheral plexus were significantly increased compared to the control group. The deletion of the WWC2 gene was decisive for these effects; while knocking out WWC1 showed no significant differences. The results hint strongly that WWC2 is an essential regulator of ocular angiogenesis in mice. As an activator of the Hippo signalling pathway, it prevents excessive proliferation during physiological angiogenesis. In adult animals, WWC proteins do not seem to be important for the maintenance of the mature vascular plexus.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of WWC2 Protein Leads to Aberrant Angiogenesis in Postnatal Mice

Brücher

Egbring

Plagemann

et al. 2021

IJMS

Self Cite

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“…In vivo models of disease (in particular, mammals) have remarkable anatomical and physiological similarities with humans, thus are useful to investigate a wide range of mechanisms and assess novel therapies for human retinal diseases before the application in humans [ 66 ]. Exhaustive molecular, histopathological, and electrophysiological investigations that cannot be performed in humans, can be executed in in vivo models contributing to understanding disease mechanisms that occur in retinal disease [ 67 ]. The animal models can be used to perform drug treatments or gene therapy to counteract photoreceptor degeneration [ 68 ].…”

Section: From Animal Studies To In Vitro Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking for In Vitro Models for Retinal Diseases

Alfonsetti

Castelli

Benedetti

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Retina is a layered structure of the eye, composed of different cellular components working together to produce a complex visual output. Because of its important role in visual function, retinal pathologies commonly represent the main causes of visual injury and blindness in the industrialized world. It is important to develop in vitro models of retinal diseases to use them in first screenings before translating in in vivo experiments and clinics. For this reason, it is important to develop bidimensional (2D) models that are more suitable for drug screening and toxicological studies and tridimensional (3D) models, which can replicate physiological conditions, for investigating pathological mechanisms leading to visual loss. This review provides an overview of the most common retinal diseases, relating to in vivo models, with a specific focus on alternative 2D and 3D in vitro models that can replicate the different cellular and matrix components of retinal layers, as well as injury insults that induce retinal disease and loss of the visual function.

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Interpretation of OCT and OCTA images from a histological approach: Clinical and experimental implications

Cuenca

Ortuño‐Lizarán

Sánchez‐Sáez

et al. 2020

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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Retinal Fundus Imaging in Mouse Models of Retinal Diseases

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Lack of WWC2 Protein Leads to Aberrant Angiogenesis in Postnatal Mice

Lack of WWC2 Protein Leads to Aberrant Angiogenesis in Postnatal Mice

Looking for In Vitro Models for Retinal Diseases

Interpretation of OCT and OCTA images from a histological approach: Clinical and experimental implications

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