Retinal hazards during laser irradiation of the iris.

Watts, Galen

doi:10.1136/bjo.55.1.60

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…35 The reflectivity of the human cadaver retina is set according to Watts' data from a pigmented rabbit iris since the iris also contains a high concentration of melanin pigments. 36 4. Three boundary conditions are provided by the commercial software: insulation, heat flux, and temperature.…”

Section: Basic Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the temperature increase in human cadaver retina during direct illumination by 150-kHz femtosecond laser pulses

et al. 2011

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Abstract.We have developed a two-dimensional computer model to predict the temperature increase of the retina during femtosecond corneal laser flap cutting. Simulating a typical clinical setting for 150-kHz iFS advanced femtosecond laser (0.8-to 1-μJ laser pulse energy and 15-s procedure time at a laser wavelength of 1053 nm), the temperature increase is 0.2• C. Calculated temperature profiles show good agreement with data obtained from ex vivo experiments using human cadaver retina. Simulation results obtained for different commercial femtosecond lasers indicate that during the laser in situ keratomileusis procedure the temperature increase of the retina is insufficient to induce damage. C 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

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Section: Basic Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the temperature increase in human cadaver retina during direct illumination by 150-kHz femtosecond laser pulses

et al. 2011

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“…A dark brown-pigmented iris absorbs sunlight more than a less pigmented iris (Watts 1971) and should, in theory, better protect the lens and retina. This contrasts to the epidemiological findings of increased incidence of nuclear cataract in individuals with darker irides (Leske et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of iris pigment and pupil size in ultraviolet radiation cataract in rat

Löfgren

Michael

Söderberg

2012

Acta Ophthalmologica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To investigate the effect of iris pigment and pupil size in ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced cataract. Methods: Brown-Norway rats (pigmented) and Fischer-344 rats (non-pigmented) were unilaterally exposed in vivo to 5 kJ ⁄ m 2 UVR. Each strain was split into two groups, each receiving either mydriatic (tropicamide) or miotic (pilocarpine) eye-drops. One week after exposure, the degree of ocular inflammation and damage in the anterior segment was determined. The lenses were extracted, photographed and the degree of forward light scattering (cataract) was quantified. Results: The cataract types differed between the two strains. All Fischer rats developed macroscopically identifiable UVR cataract while only 41% of Brown-Norway rats did so. All groups except the miotic Brown-Norway developed significant light scattering. The Fischer rats developed 3-4-fold more lens light scattering than the Brown-Norway rats. The miotic Fischer group exhibited significantly more light scattering than the mydriatic Fischer group. There was no significant difference in light scattering between the two Brown-Norway groups. There was a correlation between ocular inflammation and degree of light scattering, with Brown-Norway rats exhibiting less inflammation and lens light scattering. Conclusions: Pigmented rats develop less UVR cataract and less ocular inflammation than non-pigmented rats. Pupil size plays a smaller role in UVR cataract development in pigmented rats than in non-pigmented. The role of UVR-induced ocular inflammation in cataract development is still ambiguous.

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“…This could explain the observed reduction in direct, but not total, transmission in the Boettner and Wolter study [31]. Figure 3(f) shows the iris transmission spectra in rabbits for blue, brown (pigmented), and albino irises [33]. The blue and brown irises both have transmission lower than 2% for wavelength from 500 to 1100 nm.…”

Section: Reflection and Transmission Spectra Of The Eyementioning

confidence: 89%

“…Alongside studies of the whole eye, some studies focus on individual components such as the cornea [31,34,35], the lens [31,36,37], the aqueous and vitreous humours [31], the iris [33], and/or the retina [30,38]. Figures 3(b)-(e) show the transmission spectra of some of these components.…”

Section: Reflection and Transmission Spectra Of The Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic models of the human eye, and their applications

Regal¹,

Troughton²,

Djenizian³

et al. 2021

Nanotechnology

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Replicating the functionality of the human eye has been a challenge for more than a century, creating a great wealth of biomimetic and bioinspired devices, and providing ever improving models of the eye for myriad research purposes. As improvements in microelectronics have proceeded, individual components of the eye have been replicated, and models of the optical behaviour of the eye have improved. This review explores both work developed for improving medical components, with an ultimate aim of a fully functioning prosthetic eye, and work looking at improving existing devices through biomimetic means. It is hoped that this holistic approach to the subject will aid in the cross pollination of ideas between the two research foci. The review starts by summarising the reported measurements of optical parameters of various components of the eye. It then charts the development of individual bionic components. Particular focus is put on the development of bionic and biomimetic forms of the two main adaptive components of the eye, namely the lens and the iris, and the challenges faced in modelling the light sensitive retina. Work on each of these components is thoroughly reviewed, including an overview of the principles behind the many different approaches used to mimic the functionality, and discussion of the pros and cons of each approach. This is concluded by an overview of several reported models of the complete or semi-complete eye, including details of the components used and a summary of the models’ functionality. Finally, some consideration is given to the direction of travel of this field of research, and which existing approaches are likely to bring us closer to the long term goal of a fully functional analogue of the eye.

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Retinal hazards during laser irradiation of the iris.

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Simulation of the temperature increase in human cadaver retina during direct illumination by 150-kHz femtosecond laser pulses

Simulation of the temperature increase in human cadaver retina during direct illumination by 150-kHz femtosecond laser pulses

Impact of iris pigment and pupil size in ultraviolet radiation cataract in rat

Biomimetic models of the human eye, and their applications

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