Retinal in eggs, blood and liver

Plack, P. A.

doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(64)80049-x

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…bryos, while embryos of ducks and geese prefer retinal (Plack, 1964). In placental mammals, retinol and retinyl esters are provided to the embryo and fetus through the maternal circulation (Quadro et al, 2004(Quadro et al, , 2005.…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major storage form in embryos varies from species to species (reviewed in Simoes-Costa et al, 2008). For example, in some marine fishes retinal predominates, whereas embryos of freshwater fishes that have been examined contain a higher proportion of retinol/retinyl esters (Plack, 1964; Irie and Seki, 2002). The trend in higher vertebrates is toward increased use of retinol and retinyl esters (Plack and Kon, 1961), with some exceptions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trend in higher vertebrates is toward increased use of retinol and retinyl esters (Plack and Kon, 1961), with some exceptions. For example, retinol predominates in chicken embryos, while embryos of ducks and geese prefer retinal (Plack, 1964). In placental mammals, retinol and retinyl esters are provided to the embryo and fetus through the maternal circulation (Quadro et al, 2004; Quadro et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How degrading: Cyp26s in hindbrain development

White

Schilling

2008

Developmental Dynamics

140

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The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid performs many functions in vertebrate development and is thought to act as a diffusible morphogen that patterns the anterior-posterior axis of the hindbrain. Recent work in several systems has led to insights into how the spatial distribution of retinoic acid is regulated. These have shown local control of synthesis and degradation, and computational models suggest that degradation by the Cyp26 enzymes plays a critical role in the formation of a morphogen gradient as well as its ability to compensate for fluctuations in RA levels. Developmental Dynamics 237:2775-2790, 2008.

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Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How degrading: Cyp26s in hindbrain development

White

Schilling

2008

Developmental Dynamics

140

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“…In the animal kingdom, the retinal molecule has been found exclusively as the chromophore of visual pigment with very few exceptions, such as retinochrome (Hara and Hara, 1965), retinal-binding protein (Futterman and Saari, 1977) and in the yolk of eggs of lower vertebrates (Plack, 1964). It is an interesting challenge to determine whether or not the retinal in P. bursaria functions as the chromophore of a photosensitive pigment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EXTRACTION OF RETINAL FROM Paramecium bursaria

Tokioka

Matsuoka

Nakaoka

et al. 1991

Photochem & Photobiology

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The ciliated protozoan Paramecium bursariu is photosensitive. Retinal, which is the chrome phore of the visual pigments of many multicellular animals, was extracted from P. bursaria and identified by HPLC. The procedure of identification was based on the change in polarity achieved by reducing retinal with sodium borohydrate to form retinol. This method is useful for the detection of small amounts of retinal in cells containing large amounts of other substances with similar polarity. The presence of retinal in P. bursaria suggests that this ciliate may contain a photoreceptor pigment with retinal as the chromophore.

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The search for non‐chordate retinoic acid signaling: lessons from chordates

Simões-Costa¹,

Azambujá

Xavier‐Neto³

2007

J Exp Zool Pt B

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Signaling by retinoic acid (RA) is an important pathway in the development and homeostasis of vertebrate and invertebrate chordates, with a critical role in mesoderm patterning. Classical studies on the distribution of nuclear receptors of animals suggested that the family of RA receptors (RARs/NR1B) was restricted to chordates, while the family of RA X receptors (RXR/NR2B) was distributed from cnidarians to chordates. However, the accumulation of data from genome projects and studies in non-model species is questioning this traditional view. Here we discuss the evidence for non-chordate RA signaling systems in the light of recent advances in our understanding of carotene (pro-Vitamin A) metabolism and of the identification of potential RARs and members of the NR1 family in echinoderms and lophotrochozoan trematodes, respectively. We conclude, as have others before (Bertrand et al., 2004. Mol Biol Evol 21(10):1923-1937), that signaling by RA is more likely an ancestral feature of bilaterians than a chordate innovation.

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Retinal in eggs, blood and liver

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

How degrading: Cyp26s in hindbrain development

How degrading: Cyp26s in hindbrain development

EXTRACTION OF RETINAL FROM Paramecium bursaria

The search for non‐chordate retinoic acid signaling: lessons from chordates

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