Retinal laser lenses: magnification, spot size, and field of view.

Mainster, Martin A.; Crossman, Janet L; Erickson, P. J.; Heacock, Greg

doi:10.1136/bjo.74.3.177

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In view of the years in which these reports were published, it is likely that Goldmann's three‐mirror lens was used in both studies. Mainster et al. (1990) reported corneal spot size to be comparatively small with the indirect ophthalmoscopy contact lens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indirect ophthalmoscopy contact lenses have been widely used in recent years. Spot size on the cornea is reportedly smaller with an indirect ophthalmoscopy contact lens (Mainster et al 1990). In other words, energy density on the cornea is greater than with Goldmann's three-mirror lens, and the impact on corneal endothelial cells is also greater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corneal endothelial cell density reduction: a complication of retinal photocoagulation with an indirect ophthalmoscopy contact lens

Murata

Kato

Fukushima

et al. 2007

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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. Purpose: To investigate the influence of retinal photocoagulation with an indirect ophthalmoscopy contact lens on corneal endothelial cells. Methods: Seventeen eyes of 17 patients were evaluated, and corneal endothelial cells were measured twice: just before retinal photocoagulation using an indirect ophthalmoscopy contact lens and 33.2 ± 10.2 days after surgery. Results: A statistically significant reduction was found in corneal endothelial cell numbers before versus after surgery (P = 0.0003). Conclusion: Our results show corneal endothelial cells to be decreased by retinal photocoagulation with an indirect ophthalmoscopy contact lens. When a patient with a low corneal endothelial cell density receives retinal photocoagulation using an indirect contact lens, it is important to be aware of the potential for further loss.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Corneal endothelial cell density reduction: a complication of retinal photocoagulation with an indirect ophthalmoscopy contact lens

Murata

Kato

Fukushima

et al. 2007

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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“…1,2,9,10 It is shown below that such an approach is promising, using as an example the solution of problems of the optical design of OLs that function in composite systems intended for obtaining a diagnosis by biomicroopthalmoscopy-i.e., by observing the fundus of the patient's eye using a microscope with a slit lamp (Fig. 2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of the design of ophthalmologic lenses

Бахолдин

Cherkasova

2012

J. Opt. Technol.

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“…Much has been learned about how laser light can damage biologic tissue, especially the retina. However, most of what we know from animal models is based on morphological data (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Because the injuries are small and result in poor signal-to-noise ratios of any released biochemical/molecular signals, biochemical and molecular data have not been obtained.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of a uniform cellular injury by raster scanning of cells for the study of laser bioeffects

Walker¹,

Schuschereba²,

Edsall³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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Efforts to understand laser bioeffects in cells and tissues have been hindered by a nonuniform cellular response of the specimen, resulting in graded biochemical effects. In addition, the small beam diameters of commonly used lasers limit the number of cells expressing a response to numbers inadequate for the study of biochemical effects. For a limited emission power, expansion of the beam diameter reduces the irradiance, thus requiring longer exposure durations to produce a cellular response. Cultured human retinal epithelial cells were exposed as a single spot ("tophat" exposure) from a carbon dioxide (CO 2) laser operating at 10.6 m or scanned with a raster system and compared with thermal injury produced with heated saline for short periods (1-9 s) at relatively high temperature (55-70°C). Cell viability and induction of the 70 kDa heat shock protein were evaluated as indicators of the cellular response. Initial attempts to use a tophat (uniform energy distribution) exposure resulted in a nonuniform cellular response (and nonuniform energy distribution) due to diffraction effects from the 2-mm selection aperture. However, raster scanning for appropriate times with the CO 2 laser yielded uniform cell viability and heat shock protein synthesis that were comparable to dipping cells in heated saline. Because scanning results in a homogeneous exposure of cells, the described scanning technique may be applied to studies of cellular responses to other lasers to evaluate photochemical and photomechanical effects.carbon dioxide laser LASERS ARE INCREASINGLY FOUND in medical applications particularly in the area of eye surgery being used for photocoagulation and refractive surgery. Along with this increased use comes the elevated possibility of injury from their use and the need for methods to ameliorate these injuries. In the effort to understand laser-tissue interactions, a variety of animal models have been examined (12,17,19,20). Much has been learned about how laser light can damage biologic tissue, especially the retina. However, most of what we know from animal models is based on morphological data (7-13). Because the injuries are small and result in poor signal-to-noise ratios of any released biochemical/molecular signals, biochemical and molecular data have not been obtained. Therefore it has been difficult to formulate therapeutic measures based on a thorough understanding of the underlying injury. The objective of this study, therefore, is to design a means of producing a uniform injury so that a homogeneous response to laser exposure could be obtained with sufficient numbers of cells to facilitate analysis at the molecular level.Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell changes are observed by histopathology after visible laser exposure at doses near the ophthalmoscopic minimal visible lesion threshold for exposure conditions where the interaction mechanism is photothermal (8). Collimated, visible laser light incident upon the cornea is transmitted through the outer ocular media and imaged or focused onto the ...

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Retinal laser lenses: magnification, spot size, and field of view.

Cited by 33 publications

References 6 publications

Corneal endothelial cell density reduction: a complication of retinal photocoagulation with an indirect ophthalmoscopy contact lens

Corneal endothelial cell density reduction: a complication of retinal photocoagulation with an indirect ophthalmoscopy contact lens

Features of the design of ophthalmologic lenses

Production of a uniform cellular injury by raster scanning of cells for the study of laser bioeffects

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