Retinal Microvascular Dysfunction Occurs Early and Similarly in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease and Primary-Open Angle Glaucoma Patients

Mroczkowska, Stephanie; Shokr, Hala; Benavente-Perez, Alexandra; Negi, Anil; Bentham, Peter; Gherghel, Doina

doi:10.3390/jcm11226702

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 58 publications

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“…It is well known that, in general, obesity increases significantly the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1]. Excess adipose tissue induces several pathological changes, including dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure (BP), oxidative stress, and increased inflammation, all very important risk factors for macro-and micro-vascular endothelial dysfunctions (ED), increased arterial stiffness, and atherosclerosis [2][3][4][5].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Microvascular Structure and Function, Peripheral Pressure Waveform and General Cardiovascular Risk: A Longitudinal Study

Karimzad,

Shokr,

Bellary

et al. 2023

JCM

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Purpose: This study aims to assess the effect of bariatric surgery on retinal microvascular calibre, peripheral microvascular function, peripheral pressure waveforms, and the general cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in obese individuals after undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Methods: A total of 29 obese participants were included in the study. All of the measurements were conducted at two time points: before and one year following the bariatric surgery procedure. General anthropometric data, as well as blood markers for glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides were assessed in all individuals. In all participants, the Framingham risk score (FRS), and retinal vessel calibre measurements, using a Zeiss fundus camera and VesselMap software (ImedosSystems, Jena, Germany), were performed. Systemic arterial stiffness was measured by pulse wave analysis (PWA), and peripheral microvascular reactivity by way of digital thermal monitoring (DTM) in all participants. Results: As expected, various general anthropometric parameters, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and neck circumference, were significantly decreased post-surgery comparing to baseline in all individuals (all p < 0.001). In addition, their general CVD risk, as measured using FRS, was significantly improved (p < 0.001). At the retinal vascular level, central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) as well as, central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) had increased after surgery comparing to the baseline values (p = 0.003 and p = 0.007, respectively). In addition, both systemic arterial stiffness and peripheral microvascular reactivity had improved in all participants (p < 0.001 and p = 0.008 respectively). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that bariatric surgery has a positive effect on the overall vascular health, as well as on the general CVD risk of the obese patients undergoing this procedure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Microvascular Structure and Function, Peripheral Pressure Waveform and General Cardiovascular Risk: A Longitudinal Study

Karimzad,

Shokr,

Bellary

et al. 2023

JCM

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Risk of glaucoma to subsequent dementia or cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wang,

Chen,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Aging Clin Exp Res

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Background Substantial evidence supports that glaucoma and dementia share pathological mechanisms and pathogenic risk factors. However, the association between glaucoma, cognitive decline and dementia has yet to be elucidated. Objective This study was aimed to assess whether glaucoma increase the risk of dementia or cognitive impairment. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases for cohort or case-control studies were searched from inception to March 10, 2024. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used to the risk of bias. Heterogeneity was rigorously evaluated using the I2 test, while publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of the funnel plot and by Egger’ s regression asymmetry test. Subgroup analyses were applied to determine the sources of heterogeneity. Results Twenty-seven studies covering 9,061,675 individuals were included. Pooled analyses indicated that glaucoma increased the risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and cognitive impairment. Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of dementia was 2.90 (95% CI: 1.45–5.77) in age ≥ 65 years and 2.07 (95% CI: 1.18–3.62) in age<65 years; the incidence rates in female glaucoma patients was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.06-2.00), respectively, which was no statistical significance in male patients. Among glaucoma types, POAG was more likely to develop dementia and cognitive impairment. There were also differences in regional distribution, with the highest prevalence in the Asia region, while glaucoma was not associated with dementia in Europe and North America regions. Conclusion Glaucoma increased the risk of subsequent cognitive impairment and dementia. The type of glaucoma, gender, age, and region composition of the study population may significantly affect the relationship between glaucoma and dementia.

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Longitudinal Assessment of Retinal Microvasculature in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease

Curro,

van Nispen,

den Braber

et al. 2024

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Retinal Microvascular Dysfunction Occurs Early and Similarly in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease and Primary-Open Angle Glaucoma Patients

Cited by 5 publications

References 58 publications

The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Microvascular Structure and Function, Peripheral Pressure Waveform and General Cardiovascular Risk: A Longitudinal Study

The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Microvascular Structure and Function, Peripheral Pressure Waveform and General Cardiovascular Risk: A Longitudinal Study

Risk of glaucoma to subsequent dementia or cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Longitudinal Assessment of Retinal Microvasculature in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease

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