Retinal microvascular morphology versus COVID-19: What to anticipate?

Eroğul, Özgür; Gobeka, Hamıdu Hamısı; Doğan, Mustafa; Joshi, Mohan P; Balcı, Aydın; Kaşıkçı, Murat

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102920

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This is a new finding since there were no available studies to compare retinal volume in COVID-19-recovered patients. Some groups 18 , 20 , 23 also found that the FAZ is larger in patients who recovered from COVID-19 infection compared to normal controls; however, other groups 14 , 15 , 21 , 22 , 24 found no difference. Our group found no significant difference between the three groups regarding the FAZ area, circularity, and roundness related to COVID-19 infection or severity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Several reports have shown a reduction in vessel density among patients who recovered from COVID-19. These studies noted a decrease in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) 15 – 19 , 21 – 24 , 26 and deep capillary plexus (DCP) 16 , 17 , 21 – 23 , 26 . Although these results are interesting, certain confounding variables were not accounted for.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinal tissue and microvasculature loss in COVID-19 infection

Kalaw

Warter

Cavichini

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that permanent capillary damage may underlie the long-term COVID-19 sequela by quantifying the retinal vessel integrity. Participants were divided into three subgroups; Normal controls who had not been affected by COVID-19, mild COVID-19 cases who received out-patient care, and severe COVID-19 cases requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission and respiratory support. Patients with systemic conditions that may affect the retinal vasculature before the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection were excluded. Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examination and retinal imaging obtained from Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT), and vessel density using OCT Angiography. Sixty-one eyes from 31 individuals were studied. Retinal volume was significantly decreased in the outer 3 mm of the macula in the severe COVID-19 group (p = 0.02). Total retinal vessel density was significantly lower in the severe COVID-19 group compared to the normal and mild COVID-19 groups (p = 0.004 and 0.0057, respectively). The intermediate and deep capillary plexuses in the severe COVID-19 group were significantly lower compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Retinal tissue and microvascular loss may be a biomarker of COVID-19 severity. Further monitoring of the retina in COVID-19-recovered patients may help further understand the COVID-19 sequela.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal tissue and microvasculature loss in COVID-19 infection

Kalaw

Warter

Cavichini

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…The electronic database search identified 754 articles. After screening of all titles and abstracts of potentially relevant articles, a total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ( Figure 1 ). The study characteristics and Newcastle Ottawa scores of the included studies are presented in Table 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal microvascular changes in patients recovered from COVID-19 compared to healthy controls: A meta-analysis

Kazantzis

Machairoudia

Theodossiadis

et al. 2023

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy

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“…Several retinal alterations have been described in patients with SARS-CoV2 infection, including retinal vascular changes [ 13 , 26 , 27 ]. Although the literature about these is limited, some studies described a reduction of VD in diseased patients if compared to healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choroidal and Retinal Vascular Findings in Patients with COVID-19 Complicated with Pneumonia: Widefield Imaging

et al. 2023

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze choroidal and retinal vascular alterations of both the macula and midperiphery areas in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection complicated with pneumonia within 30 days from discharge. Methods: A total of 46 eyes of 23 subjects with a history of symptomatic COVID-19 infection and recent hospitalization for pneumonia were enrolled in this observational study. Patients had not been previously vaccinated against COVID-19. A group of patients homogenous for age and sex was enrolled as controls. Microvascular retinal and choroidal features of the enrolled patients were studied with widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Perfusion parameters in terms of the vessel density (VD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) and the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) on enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode OCT scans were analyzed. Results: Our cohort of patients showed a trend of reduction in VD, significantly in the SCP VD of the superior and inferior midperiphery sectors, whereas the CVI did not show significant differences between the cases and controls. Moreover, a positive correlation between CVI and vessel density in the deep capillary plexus in the macular area (VD-DCP-MAC) was found. Conclusion: The systemic disease due to COVID-19 can also involve the retina and choroid with multiple mechanisms: ischemic and inflammatory. Our study showed changes in perfusion occurring in the eyes of patients with a recent hospitalization for COVID-19 complicated with pneumonia and without any possible ocular effect due to the vaccines. There is still the need to better comprise how long COVID-19 actually affects vascular changes in the eye.

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Retinal microvascular morphology versus COVID-19: What to anticipate?

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Retinal tissue and microvasculature loss in COVID-19 infection

Retinal tissue and microvasculature loss in COVID-19 infection

Retinal microvascular changes in patients recovered from COVID-19 compared to healthy controls: A meta-analysis

Choroidal and Retinal Vascular Findings in Patients with COVID-19 Complicated with Pneumonia: Widefield Imaging

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