Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Measurement in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Optical coherence tomography in mild cognitive impairment – Systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Twenty-one studies 17,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] investigated the RNFL thickness in MCI vs. controls. All studies prospectively collected retinal data.…”

“…All studies prospectively collected retinal data. Participant sampling methods were unstated in 15 studies, 17,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]35,37,[41][42][43]45 consecutive sampling in three, 34,36,44 and one study each used flyer distribution, 39 frequency matching 40 and cluster sampling. 38 The source of participants was unstated in one study 41 for the MCI group and four studies 32,37,41,43 for the control group.…”

“…Diagnostic criteria for MCI (number of studies) used were Petersen criteria (11), 26,28,32,[36][37][38][39][41][42][43][44] Albert criteria (5), [29][30][31]40,45 Winblad criteria (2), 34,35 criteria using NIA-ADC UDS battery (1), 17 and MMSE (2). 27,33 Subtypes of MCI based on diagnostic criteria and details given in the articles included amnestic MCI (14), 17,26,28,32,[34][35][36][37][38][39][41][42][43][44] MCI due to AD -Core clinical criteria (3), 29,31,45 MCI due to AD -Intermediate likelihood (1), 40 MCI due to AD -Mixed [cerebrovascular disease in 63.6%, CSF Ab amyloid and tau positive in 50% and 25% respectively -positive being within limits of international normative criteria] (1), 30 and amnestic MCI [no reference to activities of daily living] (2). 27,33 An objective cognitive test common to both MCI group and controls was stated in 18 studies and not stated in three studies.…”

“…27,33 An objective cognitive test common to both MCI group and controls was stated in 18 studies and not stated in three studies. 31,36,41 The time interval between neurological testing and OCT was on the same day in six studies, [27][28][29]34,39,42 not stated in 14 studies, 26,[30][31][32][33][35][36][37][38]40,41,[43][44][45] and within a year (unclear) in one study. 17…”

“…Of the 21 studies, spectral-domain OCT device was used in 15 17,26,[28][29][30][31][32][36][37][38][39][40]42,44,45 and time-domain in six. 27,[33][34][35]41,43 The brands of the devices used included Cirrus (7), 26,28,36,37,39,40,42 Stratus (6), 27,[33][34][35]41,43 Spectralis (5), 17,[29][30][31]38 3-D Maestro (1), 44 RTVue (1), 32 and custom built UHR-OCT (1). 45 The eyes used in the different studies were mean of both eyes in six, [26][27][28]39,40,42 both eyes with statistical modelling to account for paired eyes in three studies,…”