Retinal Oxidative Stress Induced by Intraocular Hypertension in Rats May be Ameliorated by Brimonidine Treatment and N-acetyl Cysteine Supplementation

Abstract

Brimonidine and NAC supplementation provide antioxidative properties to retina and decrease retinal damage induced by ocular hypertension.

Anterior and posterior segment changes in rat eyes with chronic steroid administration and their responsiveness to antiglaucoma drugs

“…Moreno et al (2004) and Ozdemir et al (2009) showed that significant IOP elevation achieved by intraocular injection of hyaluronate is associated with reduced activity of retinal antioxidants such as SOD, CAT and glutathione peroxidase. Similar observations were made by Liu et al (2007) using RGCs in culture.…”

Oxidative and Anti-Oxidative Stress Markers in Chronic Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Even if glaucoma is a multifactorial disease [7,10], systemic oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathophysiology of POAG and PEG. Despite growing research on antioxidant therapy to prevent glaucoma, in both in vitro [64] and in vivo studies with animals [65] and humans [66], antioxidative supplementation has shown contradictory [66,67,68]. However, there were promising results of supplementation in endothelial function [69], some specific clinical conditions [70] and overall mortality [71].…”

Cellular responses following retinal injuries and therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases

“…In addition, NAC administered to a rat model of DR diminished the plasma markers of oxidative stress and inflammation (15-F(2t)-isoprostane and TNF-a, respectively), helping to minimize early events in DR (Tsai et al, 2009). Moreover, NAC supplementation to rats with induced ocular hypertension ameliorated the retinal oxidative damage through the maintenance of glutathione peroxidase and catalase levels, and the inhibition of retinal peroxidation (Ozdemir et al, 2009). NAC also prevented the increased expression of p53 and caspase 8, induced by long-term maintained hypoxia in bovine RPE primary cell cultures (Gerona et al, 2010), which makes it of great interest in oxygen stress-related diseases, such as AMD and other senescenceassociated pathologies.…”