Retinal oximetry and systemic arterial oxygen levels

Eliasdottir, Thorunn Scheving

doi:10.1111/aos.13932

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 218 publications

(328 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We hypothesize that local factors may play a crucial role when it comes to the retinal vascular regulation and responses in metabolic diseases. In fact, a recent thesis (Eliasdottir, 2018) has suggested that retinal autoregulation is mostly due to myogenic and metabolic factors in order to accommodate local blood flow to differences in perfusion pressure and metabolic needs. In this context, we think that this protocol, once established, could be used to assess functional changes in the retinal vascular physiology before clinically detectable diseases, taking the paradigmatic example of DR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Protocol to Evaluate Retinal Vascular Response Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a novel diagnostic tool with increasing applications in ophthalmology clinics that provides non-invasive high-resolution imaging of the retinal microvasculature. Our aim is to report in detail an experimental protocol for analyzing both vasodilatory and vasoconstriction retinal vascular responses with the available OCT-A technology. Methods A commercial OCT-A device was used (AngioVue ® , Optovue, CA, United States), and all examinations were performed by an experienced technician using the standard protocol for macular examination. Two standardized tests were applied: (i) the hypoxia challenge test (HCT) and (ii) the handgrip test, in order to induce a vasodilatory and vasoconstriction response, respectively. OCT-A was performed at baseline conditions and during the stress test. Macular parafoveal vessel density of the superficial and deep plexuses was assessed from the en face angiograms. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA v14.1 and p < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results Twenty-four eyes of 24 healthy subjects (10 male) were studied. Mean age was 31.8 ± 8.2 years (range, 18–57 years). Mean parafoveal vessel density in the superficial plexus increased from 54.7 ± 2.6 in baseline conditions to 56.0 ± 2.0 in hypoxia ( p < 0.01). Mean parafoveal vessel density in the deep plexuses also increased, from 60.4 ± 2.2 at baseline to 61.5 ± 2.1 during hypoxia ( p < 0.01). The OCT-A during the handgrip test revealed a decrease in vessel density in both superficial (55.5 ± 2.6 to 53.7 ± 2.9, p < 0.001) and deep (60.2 ± 1.8 to 56.7 ± 2.8, p < 0.001) parafoveal plexuses. Discussion In this work, we detail a simple, non-invasive, safe, and non-costly protocol to assess a central nervous system vascular response (i.e., the retinal circulation) using OCT-A technology. A vasodilatory response and a vasoconstriction response were observed in two physiologic conditions—mild hypoxia and isometric exercise, respectively. This protocol constitutes a new way of studying retinal vascular changes that may be applied in health and disease of multiple medical fields.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Protocol to Evaluate Retinal Vascular Response Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The retinal vessels, the only vessels that can be observed directly in vivo, are ideal windows for evaluating the state of carotid atherosclerosis (Torres et al 2013). The blood perfusion of the ophthalmic artery, the first branch of the internal carotid artery (Eliasdottir 2018), is directly affected by the internal carotid artery (Kawaguchi et al 2006). Carotid artery stenosis and plaques are closely related to retinal artery occlusion (Miyazawa et al 2011) and retinal venous occlusion (Matsushima et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal vessel oxygen saturation in patients with unilateral internal carotid artery stenosis: a pilot study

Zhang

Zou

et al. 2020

Acta Ophthalmologica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose To investigate the retinal vessel oxygen saturation in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS). Methods This is a cross‐sectional study. Sixteen patients with unilateral moderate or worse ICAS (≥50%) and no fundus diseases were included in the study. Sixteen gender‐ and age‐matched healthy subjects were selected as controls. The mean oxygen saturation and vessel diameters of the retinal arterioles and venules were obtained using a dual‐wavelength spectrophotometric retinal oximeter. Results In the eye of the stenotic side, the retinal vessel oxygen saturation was 100.14 ± 10.27% in the arterioles and 56.50 ± 10.79% in the venules, and the arteriovenous (A‐V) difference was 43.63 ± 7.71%. In the eye of the contralateral side, the oxygen saturation was 96.55 ± 7.50% in the arterioles and 57.42 ± 9.84% in the venules, and the A‐V difference was 39.39 ± 6.33%. In healthy subjects, the oxygen saturation was 93.22 ± 5.98% in the arterioles and 56.57 ± 7.05% in the venules, and the A‐V difference was 36.65 ± 7.33%. The arteriolar oxygen saturation in the stenotic side was higher than that in the contralateral side (p = 0.025) and that in the healthy subjects (p = 0.027), and the A‐V difference in the stenotic side was significantly higher than that in the contralateral side (p = 0.009) and that in the healthy subjects (p = 0.013). The diameters of the arterioles in the stenotic side were smaller than those in the healthy subjects (p = 0.030). Conclusions Patients with ICAS had decreased retinal arteriole diameters and increased retinal vessel oxygen saturation in the arterioles and A‐V differences, suggesting the presence of microcirculation disorder and hyperoxia in the retina.

show abstract

Section: Current Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Retinal Oximetry

Garg

Knight

Lando

et al. 2021

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Similar to other organs, the retina relies on tightly regulated perfusion and oxygenation. Previous studies have demonstrated that retinal blood flow is affected in a variety of eye and systemic diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Although measurement of peripheral oxygen saturation has become a standard clinical measurement through the development of pulse oximetry, developing a noninvasive technique to measure retinal oxygen saturation has proven challenging, and retinal oximetry technology currently remains inadequate for reliable clinical use. Here, we review current strategies and approaches, as well as several newer technologies in development, and discuss the future of retinal oximetry.

show abstract

Retinal oximetry and systemic arterial oxygen levels

Cited by 24 publications

References 218 publications

A Protocol to Evaluate Retinal Vascular Response Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

A Protocol to Evaluate Retinal Vascular Response Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Retinal vessel oxygen saturation in patients with unilateral internal carotid artery stenosis: a pilot study

Advances in Retinal Oximetry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About