Retinal oxygen saturation is altered in diabetic retinopathy

Hardarson, Sveinn Hákon; Stefánsson, Einar

doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300640

Cited by 204 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…There are growing evidences suggesting that functional variations precede structural alterations [2,[4][5][6][7][8]. Thus, retinal metabolic rate of oxygen (rMRO 2 ), a hallmark of retinal metabolism, may be a key biomarker for early disease screening, evaluating disease severity, and monitoring response to therapeutic intervention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinal oximetry in humans using visible-light optical coherence tomography [Invited]

Chen

Xiao

Nesper

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Abstract:We measured hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO 2 ) in the retinal circulation in healthy humans using visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT). The measurements showed clear oxygenation differences between central retinal arteries and veins close to the optic nerve head. Spatial variations at different vascular branching levels were also revealed. In addition, we presented theoretical and experimental results to establish that noises in OCT intensity followed Rice distribution. We used this knowledge to retrieve unbiased estimation of true OCT intensity to improve the accuracy of vis-OCT oximetry, which had inherently lower signal-to-nose ratio from human eyes due to safety and comfort limitations. We demonstrated that the new statistical-fitting sampling strategy could reduce the estimation error in sO 2 by three percentage points (pp). The presented work aims to provide a foundation for using vis-OCT to achieve accurate retinal oximetry in clinical settings. G. Garhöfer, and L. Schmetterer, "Retinal oxygen metabolism during normoxia and hyperoxia in healthy subjects," Invest.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retinal oxygen metabolism is a key factor in the pathogenesis of leading blinding diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age related macular degeneration (AMD) [1][2][3][4]. There are growing evidences suggesting that functional variations precede structural alterations [2,[4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal oximetry in humans using visible-light optical coherence tomography [Invited]

Chen

Xiao

Nesper

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

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“…Diseases investigated so far include diabetic retinopathy (Hammer et al, 2009, Hardarson andStefansson, 2012b), glaucoma , Traustason et al, 2009) and retinal vein occlusion Stefansson, 2010, Hardarson andStefansson, 2012a). Ease of use and low variability paired with high sensitivity and specificity are essential for any diagnostic technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of simulated cataract light scatter on retinal vessel oximetry

Patel

Hudson

Flanagan

et al. 2013

Experimental Eye Research

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To assess the impact of light scatter, similar to that introduced by cataract on retinal vessel blood oxygen saturation measurements using poly-bead solutions of varying concentrations.Eight healthy, young, non-smoking individuals were enrolled for this study. All subjects underwent digital blood pressure measurements, assessment of non-contact intraocular pressure, pupil dilation and retinal vessel oximetry using dual wavelength photography (Oxymetry Modul, Imedos Systems, Germany). To simulate light scatter, cells comprising a plastic collar and two plano lenses were filled with solutions of differing concentrations (0.001, 0.002 and 0.004%) of polystyrene microspheres (Polysciences Inc., USA). The adopted light scatter model showed an artifactual increase in venous optical density ratio (p=0.036), with the 0.004% condition producing significantly higher venous optical density ratio values when compared to images without a cell in place. Spectrophotometric analysis, and thus retinal vessel oximetry of the retinal vessels, is altered by artificial light scatter.

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“…Oxygenation of blood in retinal vessels can also be quantified noninvasively based on the differential light absorbance of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhaemoglobin [114,115]. In human cross-sectional studies, oxygen saturation has been found to be higher in retinal venules of diabetic than non-diabetic subjects [114,116,117], and to decline further with increasing severity of diabetic retinopathy [114,117]. This may relate to loss of metabolically active retina, anatomical damage to retinal vessels, and arterio-venous shunt formation in the retina, all of which reducing oxygen consumption.…”

Section: Ocular-based Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy

et al. 2015

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■ AbstractThere is a global diabetes epidemic correlating with an increase in obesity. This coincidence may lead to a rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. There is also an as yet unexplained increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes, which is not related to adiposity. Whilst improved diabetes care has substantially improved diabetes outcomes, the disease remains a common cause of working age adult-onset blindness. Diabetic retinopathy is the most frequently occurring complication of diabetes; it is greatly feared by many diabetes patients. There are multiple risk factors and markers for the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy, yet residual risk remains. Screening for diabetic retinopathy is recommended to facilitate early detection and treatment. Common biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy and its risk in clinical practice today relate to the visualization of the retinal vasculature and measures of glycemia, lipids, blood pressure, body weight, smoking, and pregnancy status. Greater knowledge of novel biomarkers and mediators of diabetic retinopathy, such as those related to inflammation and angiogenesis, has contributed to the development of additional therapeutics, in particular for late-stage retinopathy, including intra-ocular corticosteroids and intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors ('anti-VEGFs') agents. Unfortunately, in spite of a range of treatments (including laser photocoagulation, intraocular steroids, and anti-VEGF agents, and more recently oral fenofibrate, a PPAR-alpha agonist lipid-lowering drug), many patients with diabetic retinopathy do not respond well to current therapeutics. Therefore, more effective treatments for diabetic retinopathy are necessary. New analytical techniques, in particular those related to molecular markers, are accelerating progress in diabetic retinopathy research. Given the increasing incidence and prevalence of diabetes, and the limited capacity of healthcare systems to screen and treat diabetic retinopathy, there is need to reliably identify and triage people with diabetes. Biomarkers may facilitate a better understanding of diabetic retinopathy, and contribute to the development of novel treatments and new clinical strategies to prevent vision loss in people with diabetes. This article reviews key aspects related to biomarker research, and focuses on some specific biomarkers relevant to diabetic retinopathy.

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Retinal oxygen saturation is altered in diabetic retinopathy

Cited by 204 publications

References 33 publications

Retinal oximetry in humans using visible-light optical coherence tomography [Invited]

Retinal oximetry in humans using visible-light optical coherence tomography [Invited]

The effect of simulated cataract light scatter on retinal vessel oximetry

Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy

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