Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Count, Distribution, and Correlations in Normal Human Eyes

Yang

et al. 2014

Stroke

Self Cite

Background and Purpose-Because the blood circulation system of retina and brain are closely related to each other, we examined whether stroke is associated with localized retinal nerve fiber layer defects (RNFLDs). Methods-Patients with acute ischemic stroke as part of a hospital-based study group were compared with the participants of the population-based group Beijing Eye Study. The retina was imaged by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for the detection of localized RNFLDs. Results-The study included 154 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 2890 subjects from the Beijing Eye Study for whom optical coherence tomographic images of the retinal nerve fiber layer and data on a previous cerebral stroke were available. In logistic regression analysis, acute stroke was significantly associated with localized RNFLDs (P<0.001; odds ratio, 6.23; 95% confidence interval, 4.17-9.30) after adjusting for age, male sex, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and higher concentration of the C-reactive protein. In a similar manner, previous stroke was associated with localized RNFLDs (P=0.04; odds ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.16) in multivariate analysis. In a reverse manner, presence of localized RNFLDs was associated with cerebral stroke (P<0.001; odds ratio, 3.54; 95% confidence interval, 2.68-4.67) after adjusting for age, sex, and prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Conclusions-Localized RNFLDs showed a strong association with previous or acute cerebrovascular stroke and vice versa after adjustment for other systemic and ocular factors. Localized RNFLDs that can be assessed by noninvasive optical coherence tomographic imaging may be added to the panoply of retinal morphological features of stroke.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defects and Stroke

Yang

et al. 2014

Stroke

Self Cite

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

“…Numerous works from different areas support the idea of a functional, morphologic and metabolic retinal age-related decline (see [44] for review). Thus, rod photoreceptor loss with age (3.7%-7.3% per decade) [13,40] and decrease in RPE cell density (∼3% per decade) [41,56] and central retinal ganglion cell density (3%-5% per decade) [10,23,28] are all well documented for the central retina. Small cone photoreceptor losses with age (1.8% per decade) were noted in the central retina in some studies [40], but not in others [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we calculated the change with age in each area in relative terms (as percentage decrease). This approach has been used by others for estimating age effects on retinal cell populations [40,41] and in other parameters [16]. As the percent change per year was less than 1% for all areas, it was considered more convenient to represent the change per decade instead.…”

Section: Age-related Change In Scalar Productmentioning

confidence: 99%

Senescence of human multifocal electroretinogram components: a localized approach

Tzekov

Gerth

Werner

2004

Background-Previous studies have shown significant age-related changes in the first-order kernel of multifocal ERG (mfERG) responses. All of these reports were based upon ring averages across the retinal field. This study was carried out to determine age-related changes in the localized response and localized variability in the mfERG parameters: N1P1 amplitude, scalar product and implicit time of P1.

“…The size of primary macrodiscs is not related with axial length nor with age, whereas it is related to the number of retinal pigment epithelium cells, photoreceptors, retinal ganglion cell axons, and number of total size of lamina cribrosa pores. [26][27][28] In contrast, the size of secondary macrodiscs is related to axial length and age, and may not be related to the number of pigment epithelium cells, photoreceptors, and retinal ganglion cell axons.…”

Section: Optic Nerve Headmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological changes of high axial myopia

Jonas

2013

Eye

132

To describe pathological changes in the anatomy of highly myopic (axially elongated) eyes, enucleated globes were examined by light microscopy and ocular structures were measured histomorphometrically. These studies revealed that highly axially myopic eyes show continuous thinning of the sclera starting at or behind the equator with a maximal thinning at the posterior pole; a profound thinning of the choroid decreasing from B250 to o10 mm in extreme axial myopia, secondary macular defects in the Bruch's membrane associated with a complete loss of retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris, and retinal photoreceptors; a Bruch's membrane of normal thickness in contrast to the profound thinning of the choroid and the sclera; an up to 10-fold elongation and thinning of the peripapillary scleral flange as anterior roof of the orbital cerebrospinal fluid space, and subsequently a retrobulbar extension of the cerebrospinal fluid space; an increased distance of the peripapillary arterial circle of Zinn-Haller to the optic disc border; an elongation and thinning of the lamina cribrosa with a subsequently decreased distance between the intraocular pressure compartment and the retrobulbar orbital cerebrospinal fluid pressure compartment; an increasing exposure of the peripheral posterior lamina cribrosa surface to the cerebrospinal fluid space, no longer buffered by the solid optic nerve tissue; and the development and enlargement of parapapillary gamma zone, in contrast to a myopia-independent parapapillary beta zone. These anatomical changes may be associated with high axial myopia-related complications such as an increased susceptibility of glaucomatous optic neuropathy and myopic retinopathy.