Retinal Resolving Power and Sensitivity of the Photopic System in Seven Haplochromine Species (Teleostei, Cichlidae)

Meer, H.J. van der; Anker, G. Ch.

doi:10.1163/002829684x00146

Cited by 53 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…The adult Nile Tilapia eye is very similar in terms of its ocular dimensions and proportions to that of other fishes, including cichlids (e.g., Walls 1942;van der Meer et al 1995;Kröger and Gislén 2004). It has an approximately spherical lens and an average Matthiessens ratio of 2.44:1, which is close to the often cited average of 2.55:1 and within the range of 2.40 and 2.82 as first reported by Matthiessen (1880).…”

Section: Ocular Dimensions Photoreceptor Topography and Visual Acuitysupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The cone photoreceptors are arranged in a square mosaic (as has been reported previously for this species by Braekevelt et al 1998a), which is common in teleosts fishes, including cichlids (Engström 1963; Ali and Anctil 1976;Fernald and Liebman 1980;van der Meer and Anker 1984;Braekevelt 1992). This mosaic consists of two morphologically distinguish- able cone types, a single cone surrounded by four double cones.…”

Section: Ocular Dimensions Photoreceptor Topography and Visual Acuitymentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Key to abbreviations: dc = double cone; sc = single cone number of cichlids (van der Meer and Anker 1984;van der Meer et al 1995). The estimate of visual acuity calculated for adult Nile Tilapia (average of 5.44 cycles per deg) falls within the lower range of those previously presented for cichlids (Douglas and Hawryshyn 1990;van der Meer et al 1995), indicating that Nile Tilapia rely less on high visual acuity for feeding and other visually-guided behaviours than other cichlids such as the Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus [Agassiz, 1831]), Red Port Acara (Cichlasoma portalegrense [Hensel, 1870]), and Jewelfish (Hemichromis bimaculatus Gill, 1862) whose visual acuity has been estimated as 6.74 to 8.57, 10.34 and 11.32 cycles per deg, respectively (Douglas and Hawryshyn 1990). There is often a significant convergence of photoreceptors onto the retinal ganglion cells in vertebrate retinas.…”

Section: Ocular Dimensions Photoreceptor Topography and Visual Acuitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The topographic analysis of cone photoreceptor cells provides information about the importance a species places on sampling specific areas of its visual environment. This method has been used to reveal insights into the visual behaviour of many fishes (e.g., van der Meer and Anker 1984;Zaunreiter et al 1991;Beaudet et al 1997;Fritsches et al 2003;Bailes et al 2006;Litherland and Collin 2008). While current knowledge of the visual system in Nile Tilapia includes ontogenetic changes in lens transmission (Thorpe and Douglas 1993), opsin gene expression and visual pigment absorption properties (Spady et al 2006;Carleton et al 2008), along with the ultrastructure of the photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (Braekevelt et al 1998a(Braekevelt et al , 1998b, cone photoreceptor topography has not been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular dimensions and cone photoreceptor topography in adult Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Lisney

Hawryshyn

2010

Environ Biol Fish

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Information on the anatomy of the eye and the topography of cone photoreceptor cells in the retina is presented for the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). In adults, the shape and proportions of the ocular components of the prominent eye conform to the general form of fish eyes, as determined using cryo-sectioned eyes. The lens is approximately spherical and there is little variation in the distance from the centre of the lens to the border between the choroid and retina at a range of angles about the optical axis. The average ratio of the distance from the centre of the lens to the retina: lens radius (Matthiessen's ratio) is 2.44:1. In retinal wholemounts, single and double (twin) cone photoreceptors, forming a square mosaic, are present. Peak photoreceptor densities for both morphological cone types are found in the temporal retina. Using peak cone densities and estimates of focal length from cryo-sectioned eyes, visual acuity is calculated to be 5.44 cycles per deg. The lack of apparent specific ocular or retinal specializations and the relatively low visual acuity reflect the lifestyle of the Nile Tilapia and may allow it to adapt to changes in visual environment in its highly variable natural habitat as well as contributing to the 'ecological flexibility' of this species.

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Section: Ocular Dimensions Photoreceptor Topography and Visual Acuitysupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Ocular Dimensions Photoreceptor Topography and Visual Acuitymentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Ocular Dimensions Photoreceptor Topography and Visual Acuitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ocular dimensions and cone photoreceptor topography in adult Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Lisney

Hawryshyn

2010

Environ Biol Fish

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“…The need of larval fish for a high resolving power despite of limited retinal space constrains the simul taneous optimization of sensitivity [Van der Meer and Anker, 1984], Larger cones would be more sensitive, but cones must be small, because cone size constrains optimal packing density and thus resolving power [Otten, 1981]. Furthermore, the retina is too small to allow for a high density of cones and for significant numbers of rods at the same time.…”

Section: Brain Growth Patterns: a Results O F Functional Needs Under Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Growth Patterns in Four European Cyprinid Fish Species (Cyprinidae, Teleostei): Roach (Rutilus rutilus), Bream (Abramis brama), Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Sabre Carp (Pelecus cultratus)

Brandstätter

Kotrschal²

1990

Brain Behav Evol

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This study compares brain growth in 4 species of cyprinids, each distinctly different in adult brain morphology: roach have generalized brains; bream are characterized by well-developed visual, octavolateralis and gustatory brain regions; common carp show chemosensory (gustatory)-dominated brains, and sabre carp octavolateralis-dominated brains. The growth patterns of 16 regions relative to total brain volume were investigated by computer-aided quantitative histology to illustrate internal brain allometries. In all species the tectum opticum decreases in relative size during growth, whereas the corpus cerebelli increases. In bream and common carp, primary taste centers steadily increase in relative size during growth. In most if not all fish, the brain attains no definite final morphology. Lifelong, growth-related shifts in relative sizes of primary sensory regions may reflect lifelong shifting sensory capabilities.

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Cone photoreceptor topography in the retina of sexually mature Pacific salmonid fishes

1997

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We examined the retinal cone topography in sexually mature individuals from four species of Pacific salmonid fishes by using semithin plastic sections. We identified variations in cone density and cone arrangements and noted the presence of putative ultraviolet (UV) cones. Putative UV cones were found over an area extending dorsotemporally from the center of the retina. Because most of the putative UV cones are believed to disappear in early ontogeny, their presence over a large proportion (15-20%) of the surface area of the adult retina suggests that they may be reincorporated prior to or at sexual maturity, at least in rainbow trout. Cone density varied across the retina, with highest values at the peripheral margin. Relatively high densities were observed ventrotemporally (in all specimens) and, to a lesser extent, dorsonasally (7 of 11 specimens). The higher cone density in the ventrotemporal retina may represent a retinal specialization in the part of the visual field located above and in front of the animal. Lowest cone densities were found dorsocentrally and coincided approximately with the distribution of putative UV cones, raising the possibility that these cones may not be used in visual tasks requiring the higher visual acuity normally associated with higher cone densities. We also report a novel cone arrangement that consists of rows of double cones inserted between rows composed of single-double cone pairs alternating in position.

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Retinal Resolving Power and Sensitivity of the Photopic System in Seven Haplochromine Species (Teleostei, Cichlidae)

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Ocular dimensions and cone photoreceptor topography in adult Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Ocular dimensions and cone photoreceptor topography in adult Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Brain Growth Patterns in Four European Cyprinid Fish Species (Cyprinidae, Teleostei): Roach <i>(Rutilus rutilus), </i>Bream <i>(Abramis brama), </i>Common Carp <i>(Cyprinus carpio) </i>and Sabre Carp <i>(Pelecus cultratus)</i>

Cone photoreceptor topography in the retina of sexually mature Pacific salmonid fishes

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