Retinal vascularization in the grass goby,Zosterisessor ophiocephalus: a scanning electron-microscopic study of vascular corrosion casts

Ota, Damijana; Lahnsteiner, Franz

doi:10.1007/bf00003101

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Fusion of the embryonic fissure and loss of the vertical portion of the falciform process also occur frequently in phylogeny, thus the degree of development of the falciform process is highly variable among teleosts including perciforms (Hanyu, 1959(Hanyu, , 1962Anctil, 1968;Munk, 1971;Collin, 1989;Reckel and Melzer, 2004). The lentiform body, although usually small and not a countercurrent multiplier, may also be lost; when present its vessels vary in size and density among teleosts, including perciforms (Copeland, 1980;Munshi et al, 1994;Ota and Lahnsteiner, 1996).…”

Section: Overview Of the Bovichtid Brainmentioning

confidence: 96%

Brain and sense organ anatomy and histology of two species of phyletically basal non‐Antarctic thornfishes of the Antarctic suborder Notothenioidei (Perciformes: Bovichtidae)

Eastman

Lannoo

2007

Journal of Morphology

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The predominantly non-Antarctic family Bovichtidae is phyletically basal within the perciform suborder Notothenioidei, the dominant component of the Antarctic fish fauna. In this article we focus on the South Atlantic bovichtids Bovichtus diacanthus, the klipfish from tide pools at Tristan da Cunha, and Cottoperca gobio, the frogmouth from the Patagonian shelf and Falkland Islands. We document the anatomy and histology of the brains, olfactory apparatus, retina, and cephalic lateral line system. We also use the microvascular casting agent Microfil to examine ocular vascular structures. We provide detailed drawings of the brains and cranial nerves of both species. Typical of perciforms, the brains of both species have a well-developed tectum and telencephalon and robust thalamic nuclei. The telencephalon of C. gobio is prominently lobed, with the dorsomedial nucleus more conspicuous than in any other notothenioid. The corpus cerebelli is relatively small and upright and, unlike other notothenioids, has prominent transverse sulci on the dorsal and caudal surfaces. Areas for lateral line mechanoreception (eminentia granularis and crista cerebellaris) are also conspicuous but olfactory, gustatory, and somatosensory areas are less prominent. The anterior lateral line nerve complex is larger than the posterior lateral line nerve in B. diacanthus, and in their cephalic lateral line systems both species possess branched membranous tubules (which do not contain neuromasts) with small pores. These are especially complex in B. diacanthus where they become increasingly branched and more highly pored in progressively larger specimens. Superficial neuromasts are sparse. Both species have duplex (cone and rod) retinae that are 1.25-fold thicker and have nearly 5-fold more photoreceptors and than those of most Antarctic notothenioids. Convergence ratios are also high for bovichtids. Bovichtus diacanthus has a yellow intraocular filter in the dorsal aspect of the cornea. Both species are unique among notothenioids in possessing all three vascular structures present in the generalized teleostean eye: the choroid rete mirabile, the lentiform body (also a rete), and the falciform process. When comparing the phyletically derived Antarctic clade exemplified by the families Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae, and Channichthyidae to the phyletically basal bovichtids, we observe phyletic regression and reduction in some regions of the brain and in some sensory modalities that are well displayed in bovichtids. In the phyletically derived families the brain is less cellular and nuclei are smaller and less prominent. In some species reduction in the size of the telencephalon, tectum, and corpus cerebelli imparts a "stalked" appearance to the brain with the neural axis visible between the reduced lobes. There is also a phyletic reduction in the number of ocular vascular structures from three in bovichtids to one or none in artedidraconids, bathydraconids, and channichthyids. There are no morphological features of bovichtid brains and sense or...

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Section: Overview Of the Bovichtid Brainmentioning

confidence: 96%

Brain and sense organ anatomy and histology of two species of phyletically basal non‐Antarctic thornfishes of the Antarctic suborder Notothenioidei (Perciformes: Bovichtidae)

Eastman

Lannoo

2007

Journal of Morphology

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confidence: 99%

“…The teleost retina is typically avascular, and is reliant on the choriocapillaries for oxygen [2,3]. The afferent and efferent capillaries that comprise the choroid rete are arranged close to each other, in parallel fashion; this arrangement allows for efficient countercurrent exchange of gases and materials [1,3]. The choroid rete is also responsible for maintaining high oxygen pressure in the retina.…”

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confidence: 99%

Preliminary Anatomical Characterization of the Choroid Rete Mirable of the Mangrove Snapper, Lutjanus griseus

Shade-Tousignant

Sherman

2011

Microsc Microanal

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The choroid rete mirable is a richly vascularized network of capillaries within the teleost eye, situated between the opthalmic artery and the choriocapillaries [1]. The primary purpose of the choroid rete mirable is to provide blood circulation and oxygen transport throughout the eye. The teleost retina is typically avascular, and is reliant on the choriocapillaries for oxygen [2,3]. The afferent and efferent capillaries that comprise the choroid rete are arranged close to each other, in parallel fashion; this arrangement allows for efficient countercurrent exchange of gases and materials [1,3]. The choroid rete is also responsible for maintaining high oxygen pressure in the retina. This pressure is established and maintained through a Root effect, a process that leads to an increase in partial O 2 pressure (P O2 -retina [2,4].Vascular corrosion casting technique was applied to a 20cm mangrove snapper (Lutjanus griseus), a nocturnal fish captured on reef patches off of the Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center in February 2010, according to standardized casting technique [5]. The specimen was euthanized with MS-222 (Tricane Methanesulfonate) and was treated with sodium heparin. Blood was flushed from the body using an isoosmotic saline through the ventral aorta via butterfly cannula, then infused with Mercox II ® resin (Ladd Research Industries, Burlington, VT, USA) mixed with catalyst, at constant pressure until the onset of polymerization (approximately 15 minutes). The specimen was immersed in hot (60º C) water for approximately one hour to complete resin curing. Surrounding tissues and bone were removed by maceration in a 4.5M NaOH solution over several weeks. Casts of the retinal vasculature were isolated and cleaned by washing in distilled water, and air dried. Casts were photographed via light microscopy to obtain measurements of total size (FIG 1), then were mounted on aluminum stubs with silver paste and sputter coated with gold-palladium. A total of three stubs were assembled one with a full choroid rete mirable, and two with rete halves, one interior-facing and the other exterior-facing. After allowing approximately one week for off-gasing, the stubs were subjected to scanning electron microscopy (ISI DS230, SEM Laboratory, Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University) to examine, measure and photograph the arterial and venous patterns of the choroid rete mirable. A total of 56 images were captured of the three stubs produced.For this particular specimen, the retinal vasculature of the mangrove snapper had a diameter of approximately 8mm (8000µm), and a cup depth of 7.5mm (7500µm) (FIG 2). The choroid rete mirable was approximately 4mm (4000µm) in length, between the branches of the ophthalmic artery and the choriocapillaries. The choriocapillary bed was approximately 2.8mm (2800µm) in length. The capillaries of the choroid rete had diameter of 15.91µm, while the choriocapillaries had a diameter of 227µm -334µm. The choroid rete mirable had a complexity of approximately 22 capillari...

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Aspects of the morphology of phyletically basal bovichtid fishes of the Antarctic suborder Notothenioidei (Perciformes)

Eastman

2006

Polar Biol

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Retinal vascularization in the grass goby,Zosterisessor ophiocephalus: a scanning electron-microscopic study of vascular corrosion casts

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Brain and sense organ anatomy and histology of two species of phyletically basal non‐Antarctic thornfishes of the Antarctic suborder Notothenioidei (Perciformes: Bovichtidae)

Brain and sense organ anatomy and histology of two species of phyletically basal non‐Antarctic thornfishes of the Antarctic suborder Notothenioidei (Perciformes: Bovichtidae)

Preliminary Anatomical Characterization of the Choroid Rete Mirable of the Mangrove Snapper, Lutjanus griseus

Aspects of the morphology of phyletically basal bovichtid fishes of the Antarctic suborder Notothenioidei (Perciformes)

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