Retinal Vein Occlusion and Angle Closure

Michaelides, Michel; Foster, Paul J.

doi:10.1097/ijg.0b013e3181d12dea

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Recently, Michaelides and Foster also suggested that angle-closure may be associated with retinal vein occlusions in retrospective case series with diverse ethnicity [10]. In contrast, Hayreh et al concluded that compartment syndrome contradicts the concept of playing a role in RVO [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neovascular glaucoma after central retinal vein occlusion in pre-existing glaucoma

Chen

Lai

et al. 2014

BMC Ophthalmol

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BackgroundTo determine the outcome of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in pre-existing glaucoma and the predisposing factors of developing neovascular glaucoma (NVG).MethodsWe retrospectively assessed a pre-existing glaucoma CRVO group and a non-glaucoma CRVO group to elucidate the demographics, clinical course and ocular parameters of these two cohorts. Among the pre-existing glaucoma cases, the predisposing factors for the development of NVG were monitored, including the retinal capillary non-perfusion status, intraocular pressure (IOP) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation.ResultsOf 642 CRVO patients reviewed in this 10-year cohort study, 60 (9.3%) had pre-existing glaucoma at a mean follow-up of 30.8 months, including 28 (4.4%) primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), 27 (4.2%) primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), and 5 (0.8%) normal tension glaucoma (NTG) cases. Although the presence of glaucoma in the CRVO eyes was not significantly associated with the risk of developing NVG, the incidence of developing NVG in pre-existing glaucoma eyes was significantly higher in the group with IOP greater than 20 mmHg at CRVO presentation (P = 0.02, Chi-square test) as well as in the ischemic CRVO group compared to the non-ischemic patients (P = 0.005, Fisher’s exact test). Overall, 20% of pre-existing glaucoma patients needed glaucoma surgery after a CRVO event, including 11.7% of patients who developed iris neovascularisation (INV) and 8.3% of patients who developed a high IOP without INV.ConclusionsBoth the retinal non-perfusion status and uncontrolled IOP contribute to NVG in patients with pre-existing glaucoma after CRVO. Following CRVO, glaucoma surgery is necessary for pre-existing glaucoma cases with intractable elevated IOP with or without INV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neovascular glaucoma after central retinal vein occlusion in pre-existing glaucoma

Chen

Lai

et al. 2014

BMC Ophthalmol

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“…). In 2010, a retrospective study reported 19 patients with sustained RVO and PAC (Michaelides & Foster ), which also supported the association between angle‐closure and RVO. And in 2015, a study using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) showed CRVO patients had shallower anterior chamber depth in both eyes (Mohammadi et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between PACG and RVO (Posner ; Vannas & Tarkkanen ; Vannas ; Michaelides & Foster ; Azar et al. ; Mohammadi et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary angle closure and primary angle closure glaucoma in retinal vein occlusion

et al. 2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose: To investigate the frequency of primary angle closure (PAC) and primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) based on a hospital population. Methods: A total of 375 consecutive cases newly diagnosed with RVO by fluorescein fundus angiography at a single eye centre in Peking were reviewed. Gonioscopy was performed in all patients. Glaucoma was diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology. Retinal vein occlusion was classified as central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), hemicentral retinal vein occlusion (HRVO), or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and as arteriovenous crossing RVO (AV-RVO), optic cup RVO (OC-RVO), optic nerve RVO without optical nerve head swelling (NONHS-RVO), or RVO with optical nerve head swelling (ONHS-RVO) based on the site of venous occlusion. Percentage of PAC or PACG for each type of RVO were calculated.Results: PACG had a frequency of 4.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2-6.9%] in 317 RVO patients [5.3% (95% CI 2.0-11.2%) in CRVO, 8.8% (95% CI 1.9-23.7%) in HRVO, and 1.9% (95% CI 0.4-5.4%) in BRVO]. Primary angle closure (PAC) had a frequency of 2.9% (95% CI 1.4-5.5%) in RVO. PAC/PACG had a frequency of 11.5% (95% CI 6.3-18.9%) in CRVO, 8.8% (95% CI 1.9-23.7%) in HRVO and 3.1% (95% CI 1.0-7.1%) in BRVO. PAC/ PACG was significantly more prevalent in NONHS-RVO [18.9% (95% CI 9.4-32.0%)] than in ONHS-RVO [6.5% (95% CI 2.1-14.5%)], AV-RVO [3.1% (95% CI 0.9-7.8%)], and OC-RVO [2.3% (95% CI 0.1-12.3%)]. Conclusion: The overall frequency of PAC/PACG was much higher in patients with RVO (especially CRVO) than that in the general population. Eyes with PAC/PACG may undergo mechanical changes in the lamina cribrosa of the optic disc, resulting in RVO. Angle-closure conditions should be borne in mind when investigating Chinese patients with RVO.

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“…The first is RVO may be associated with narrow angle [11]. In a retrospective case series study of 19 patients with RVO and narrow angle, it was suggested angle closure should be considered as a risk factor of RVO [12]. The authors recommended angle status be checked when patients present with RVO.…”

Section: Discussion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute angle closure attack after an intravitreal bevacizumab injection for branch retinal vein occlusion: a case report

2017

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BackgroundIntravitreal injection is widely used to treat retinal vein occlusion, and acute angle closure (AAC) is an exceptional complication of intravitreal injection. The authors report a case of AAC that occurred immediately after administering intravitreal bevacizumab to treat branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).Case presentationA 65-year-old woman was referred to the retina clinic of a tertiary referral center for the treatment of macular edema secondary to BRVO. On slit lamp examination, anterior chamber (AC) depth was shallow (3 corneal thicknesses centrally, 1/4 corneal thicknesses peripherally) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was 19 mmHg in both eyes, and refractive error was +1.00 diopter sphere in both eyes. A gonioscopy exam demonstrated narrow angle of over 180° in both eyes. To treat the macular edema, bevacizumab was injected into her right eye intravitreally. After two bevacizumab injections, the macular edema regressed but recurred 5 months later, and thus, a third injection was performed. The next day, she visited our emergency department complaining of persistent ocular pain in her right eye. The right pupil had dilated to 6 mm diameter and was fixed. Slit lamp exam revealed diffuse corneal edema in her right eye, which had an IOP of 56 mmHg. After administration of intravenous mannitol, the IOP fell to 14 mmHg and the corneal edema disappeared. Subsequently, a glaucoma specialist performed laser iridotomy on the right eye.ConclusionsAlthough AAC is a rare complication of intravitreal injection, it can occur in a patient with risk factors such as hyperopic eye or narrow angle.

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Retinal Vein Occlusion and Angle Closure

Abstract: Our study supports the belief that angle-closure may be associated with retinal vein occlusions, and should be borne in mind and excluded when investigating the patient with RVO, especially CRVO/HRVO. We suggest that gonioscopy should be done in all patients presenting with RVO.

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Neovascular glaucoma after central retinal vein occlusion in pre-existing glaucoma

Neovascular glaucoma after central retinal vein occlusion in pre-existing glaucoma

Primary angle closure and primary angle closure glaucoma in retinal vein occlusion

Acute angle closure attack after an intravitreal bevacizumab injection for branch retinal vein occlusion: a case report

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