Retino-Cortical Mapping Ratio Predicts Columnar and Salt-and-Pepper Organization in Mammalian Visual Cortex

Jang, Jaeson; Song, Min; Paik, Se-Bum

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.038

Cited by 53 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(152 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The reason why two species have different burst synchrony can be considered in two different aspects related to RGC: (1) Difference in RGC density, and (2) Different RF size of RGC. First, for RGC density, previous studies showed that the RGC density in primate fovea is higher than that of mouse RGCs [ 55 - 57 ]. The higher the RGC density, the shorter the average distance between RGCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrony of Spontaneous Burst Firing between Retinal Ganglion Cells Across Species

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neurons communicate with other neurons in response to environmental changes. Their goal is to transmit information to their targets reliably. A burst, which consists of multiple spikes within a short time interval, plays an essential role in enhancing the reliability of information transmission through synapses. In the visual system, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the output neurons of the retina, show bursting activity and transmit retinal information to the lateral geniculate neuron of the thalamus. In this study, to extend our interest to the population level, the burstings of multiple RGCs were simultaneously recorded using a multi-channel recording system. As the first step in network analysis, we focused on investigating the pairwise burst correlation between two RGCs. Furthermore, to assess if the population bursting is preserved across species, we compared the synchronized bursting of RGCs between marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus), one species of the new world monkeys and mouse (C57BL/6J strain). First, monkey RGCs showed a larger number of spikes within a burst, while the inter-spike interval, burst duration, and inter-burst interval were smaller compared with mouse RGCs. Monkey RGCs showed a strong burst synchronization between RGCs, whereas mouse RGCs showed no correlated burst firing. Monkey RGC pairs showed significantly higher burst synchrony and mutual information than mouse RGC pairs did. Comprehensively, through this study, we emphasize that two species have a different bursting activity of RGCs and different burst synchronization suggesting two species have distinctive retinal processing.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrony of Spontaneous Burst Firing between Retinal Ganglion Cells Across Species

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Retino-cortical feedforward projections organize a precise retinotopy in most species 34,36,37 , and visual information from a local retinal area is projected onto a local cortical space. If the size of the cortex is large, two distant cortical neurons that receive inputs from distinct retinal spaces cannot communicate because their local connections do not overlap.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sparse long-range connections in visual cortex for cost-efficient small-world networks

Baek

Park

Paik

2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

9The brain performs visual object recognition using much shallower hierarchical stages than artificial deep 10 neural networks employ. However, the mechanism underlying this cost-efficient function is elusive. Here, 11 we show that cortical long-range connectivity(LRC) may enable this parsimonious organization of circuits 12 for balancing cost and performance. Using model network simulations based on data in tree shrews, we 13 found that sparse LRCs, when added to local connections, organize a small-world network that 14 dramatically enhances object recognition of shallow feedforward networks. We found that optimization of 15 the ratio between LRCs and local connections maximizes the small-worldness and task performance of 16 the network, by minimizing the total length of wiring needed for integration of the global information. We 17 also found that the effect of LRCs varies by network size, which explains the existence of species-specific 18 LRCs in mammalian visual cortex of various sizes. Our results demonstrate a biological strategy to 19 achieve cost-efficient brain circuits. 20 21 Highlights 22 • Long-range connections (LRCs) enhance the object recognition of shallow networks 23 • Sparse LRCs added to dense local connections organize a small-world type network 24 • Small-worldness of networks modulates the balance between performance and wiring cost 25 • Distinct LRCs in various species are due to the size-dependent effect of LRCs 26 Significance statement 27The hierarchical depth of the visual pathway in the brain is constrained by biological factors, whereas 28 artificial deep neural networks consist of super-deep structures (i.e., as deep as computational power 29 allows). Here, we show that long-range horizontal connections (LRCs) observed in mammalian visual 30 cortex may enable shallow biological networks to perform cognitive tasks that require deeper artificial 31 structures, by implementing cost-efficient organization of circuitry. Using model simulations based on 32 anatomical data, we found that sparse LRCs, when added to dense local circuits, organize "small-world" 33 type networks and that this dramatically enhances image classification performance by integrating both 34 local and global components of visual stimulus. Our findings show a biological strategy of brain circuitry 35 to balance sensory performance and wiring cost in the networks. 36 37 One sentence summary 38 Cortical long-range connections organize a small-world type network to achieve cost-efficient functional 39 circuits under biological constraints 40 41Recently, computer vision techniques for object recognition using deep neural networks (DNNs) have 43 been remarkably developed. These now show performance comparable to that of humans 1-5 , implying 44 that deep artificial neural network models can provide collective knowledge of visual processing in the 45 brain 6-8 . However, there exist fundamental differences between the two kinds of systems, particularly 46 regarding the structure required for visual feature abstraction. ...

show abstract

“…This leads to the question of how the relationship between eye movement and active perceptual process can help us understand the visual circuits involved. Computational model studies suggest that diverse visual functions -from the fundamental orientation selective response [60][61][62] to complex cognitive behaviors such as face perception or working memory 48,[63][64][65] -can arise from a simple variation of the physical circuit structure. If this is the case in the present study, we can also suggest that a common neural circuit mechanism with simple variation determines both eye movement and active visual perception from the intact correlation between intrinsic eye movement and the perceptual alternation dynamics [66][67][68][69] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow rhythmic eye motion predicts periodic alternation of bistable perception

Choi¹,

Lee²,

Paik³

2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bistable perception is characterized by periodic alternation between two different perceptual interpretations, the mechanism of which is poorly understood. Herein, we show that perceptual decisions in bistable perception are strongly correlated with slow rhythmic eye motion, the frequency of which varies across individuals. From eye gaze trajectory measurements during three types of bistable tasks, we found that each subject’s gaze position oscillates slowly(less than 1Hz), and that this frequency matches that of bistable perceptual alternation. Notably, the motion of the eye apparently moves in opposite directions before two opposite perceptual decisions, and this enables the prediction of the timing and direction of perceptual alternation from eye motion. We also found that the correlation between eye movement and a perceptual decision is maintained during variations of the alternation frequency by the intentional switching or retaining of perceived states. This result suggests that periodic bistable perception is phase-locked with rhythmic eye motion.

show abstract

Retino-Cortical Mapping Ratio Predicts Columnar and Salt-and-Pepper Organization in Mammalian Visual Cortex

Cited by 53 publications

References 113 publications

Synchrony of Spontaneous Burst Firing between Retinal Ganglion Cells Across Species

Synchrony of Spontaneous Burst Firing between Retinal Ganglion Cells Across Species

Sparse long-range connections in visual cortex for cost-efficient small-world networks

Slow rhythmic eye motion predicts periodic alternation of bistable perception

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About