Retinoblastoma in the eye of a llama (<i>Llama glama</i>)

Fugaro, Michael N.; Kiupel, Matti; Montiani‐Ferreira, Fabiano; Hawkins, Jan F.; Janovitz, Evan B.

doi:10.1111/j.1463-5224.2005.00407.x

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Spontaneous retinoblastomas have never been observed in rodents, and only a handful of cases have been reported in mammals other than humans (Syed et al 1997;Fugaro et al 2005;Knottenbelt et al 2007). Accordingly, targeted deletion of both Rb alleles in a variety of mouse retinal cells at different stages of retinal development does not lead to the development of eye tumors, but merely results in ectopic proliferation and increased cell death (Chen et al 2004;MacPherson et al 2004;Zhang et al 2004).…”

Section: Retinoblastoma In Humans and Micementioning

confidence: 99%

miR than meets the eye: Figure 1.

Sage¹,

Ventura²

2011

Genes Dev.

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Retinoblastoma is a rare pediatric cancer that has served as a paradigm to investigate the mechanisms of tumorigenesis. In this issue of Genes & Development, Conkrite and colleagues (pp. 1734–1745) found high levels of the miR-17∼92 and miR-106b-25 microRNAs in primary retinoblastomas and show that overexpression of miR-17∼92 accelerates retinoblastoma development in mice by promoting proliferation, in part by reducing expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. These experiments identify the RB/miR-17∼92/p21 axis as a critical regulator of retinoblastoma tumorigenesis and potentially many other cancers.

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Section: Retinoblastoma In Humans and Micementioning

confidence: 99%

miR than meets the eye: Figure 1.

Sage¹,

Ventura²

2011

Genes Dev.

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“…4,13 In contrast to medulloepitheliomas, retinoblastomas are mainly composed of sheets of undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells. 1,8,13 Recently, an ocular retinoblastoma was reported in a llama. 8 Shared microscopic features of both tumor types include presence of Flexner-Wintersteiner and/or Homer Wright rosettes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,8,13 Recently, an ocular retinoblastoma was reported in a llama. 8 Shared microscopic features of both tumor types include presence of Flexner-Wintersteiner and/or Homer Wright rosettes. 1,8,10,13 However, rosettes in medulloepitheliomas are usually larger than in retinoblastomas.…”

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confidence: 99%

Malignant Nonteratoid Ocular Medulloepithelioma in a Llama (Llama Glama)

2006

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Abstract. A 6-year-old female llama presented with buphthalmos of its right eye owing to the presence of an intraocular mass. The affected globe was enucleated and submitted for microscopic examination. The intraocular mass was diagnosed as malignant medulloepithelioma. Within the following months, the llama developed soft tissue masses, which completely filled the right orbital cavity and expanded the cranial portion of the right mandibular bone, and enlarged mandibular lymph nodes. Euthanasia was elected 30 months after the initial diagnosis. The carcass was submitted for postmortem examination, which revealed the presence of medulloepithelioma metastases within the right orbit, mandible, mandibular lymph nodes, lungs, liver, and mesenteric and sublumbar lymph nodes. The primary intraocular tumor and its metastases were composed of neoplastic undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells, which formed tubules, Flexner-Wintersteiner and Homer Wright rosettes, and rare solid sheets. Electron microscopy showed that tumor cells were connected by desmosome-like junctions and contained rare intracytoplasmic basal bodies. Neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin, nestin, microtubule-associated protein 1B, S-100 protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).

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“…8,15 In fish, retinoblastomas have been sporadically diagnosed. Published literature includes isolated cases in a porkfish (Anisotremus virginicus), a brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus), and a spring cavefish (Chologaster agassizi).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Embryonal Tumors in Fish

2009

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This article describes 11 cases of neuronal embryonal neoplasia in captive adult teleost fish. Neoplasms were located within 1 or both eyes of 8 fish and the skin of 3 other fish. Ocular neoplasms most often presented as unilateral or bilateral exophthalmia. Seven ocular and 1 cutaneous mass were composed of small triangular (carrot-shaped) neoplastic cells with FlexnerWintersteiner-type rosette formation. Mass location and histologic and ultrastructural features were suggestive of retinoblastomas. One ocular mass was composed of ribbons and rosettes of neoplastic cells with multiple areas of neuronal differentiation and was diagnosed as a teratoid medulloepithelioma. A cutaneous mass from an electric eel (Electrophorus electricus) consisted of rosettes and streams of elongate neoplastic cells. The epidermal electroreceptor (ampullary) organ was considered as an origin. Although distant metastases were not observed, neoplasms were generally locally aggressive with postexcision recurrence. There was occasional spread to or de novo occurrence within the contralateral eye.Keywords eye, fish, medulloepithelioma, primitive neuroepithelial neoplasms, retinoblastoma, skin A number of neoplastic disorders have been reported in fish. Some well-documented neoplasms include viral-induced dermal sarcomas in walleyes and aflatoxin-associated hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in rainbow trout as well as a variety of sporadic tumors in numerous species. 1,2,12 This report details spontaneous ocular and cutaneous tumors in multiple fresh and marine teleost species with features characteristic of neuronal embryonal tumors.Neuronal embryonal tumors arise from neuroectodermal progenitor cells within subependymal matrix layers and have morphology and aggressive behavior in common.10 Tumor types include medulloepitheliomas, neuroblastomas, retinoblastomas, ependymoblastomas, and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs). PNETs are derived from pluripotent germinal neuroepithelial cells and may be further classified on the basis of anatomic location as medulloblastomas, cerebral PNETs, or peripheral neuroectodermal tumors. Note that classification schemes may differ because the cell origin of these tumors is often not well understood.In humans, neuronal embryonal tumors often arise within the first decade of life. Chromosomal deletions and/or MYCN gene amplification have been noted in affected children and may play a role in pathogenesis in humans.3 Retinoblastomas predominantly occur following inactivation of both RB1 (retinoblastoma susceptibility protein) tumor suppressor gene alleles. 13 Materials and MethodsMedical records, archived tissues, and histologic sections were evaluated as collected between 2001 and 2009 from 11 adult fish of 11 different species (Table 1) and housed at one of two facilities. Tissues taken at necropsy consisted of whole or representative sections of all major organs, including skin or body wall and bone. Smaller fish were fixed whole in formalin and bisected along the median plane for histo...

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Retinoblastoma in the eye of a llama (Llama glama)

Abstract: This report describes the diagnosis and successful treatment of the first known retinoblastoma in a llama.

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

miR than meets the eye: Figure 1.

miR than meets the eye: Figure 1.

Malignant Nonteratoid Ocular Medulloepithelioma in a Llama (Llama Glama)

Neuronal Embryonal Tumors in Fish

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