2014
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.025
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Retinoic acid signaling pathways in development and diseases

Abstract: Retinoids comprise a group of compounds each composed of three basic parts: a trimethylated cyclohexene ring that is a bulky hydrophobic group, a conjugated tetraene side chain that functions as a linker unit, and a polar carbon-oxygen functional group. Biochemical conversion of carotenoid or other retinoids to retinoic acid (RA) is essential for normal regulation of a wide range of biological processes including development, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Retinoids regulate various physiologic… Show more

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Cited by 228 publications
(193 citation statements)
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“…RARs must heterodimerize with members of the RXR subfamily to regulate transcriptional activity of target genes, whereas RXRs can function in the absence of RARs, binding DNA as homodimers (reviewed by Das et al [35]). Thus, RXR receptors represent the common dimer partner for the family of retinoid receptors and play a critical central role in retinoid signalling.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…RARs must heterodimerize with members of the RXR subfamily to regulate transcriptional activity of target genes, whereas RXRs can function in the absence of RARs, binding DNA as homodimers (reviewed by Das et al [35]). Thus, RXR receptors represent the common dimer partner for the family of retinoid receptors and play a critical central role in retinoid signalling.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All-trans RA, a metabolite of vitamin A (all-trans-retinol), plays an important role in embryo development, where it regulates gene transcription to modulate a number of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis (88). Compromised RA signalling often occurs early in tumourigenesis, including in breast cancer (89).…”
Section: Retinoic Acid (Ra) Signalling Pathwaymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…17 Retinoic acids play essential roles in biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis as well as development. 40 Moreover, they exhibit an antifibrotic action mediated through regulation of collagen turnover. 41,42 Corneal melting or scarring results from abnormal collagen remodeling in the corneal stroma.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%