Retinoic acid signalling in gastrointestinal parasite infections: lessons from mouse models

Hurst, Rebecca; Else, Kathryn J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01364.x

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…9 In addition, Ascaris worms express a range of retinol binding proteins, retinol dehydrogenases, and retinoic acid receptors, which use retinol for growth and development, 22 although a study in Sri Lanka among adolescent girls found that Trichuris infection but not Ascaris infection was associated with lower serum vitamin A concentration compared with those girls not infected. 23 WHO and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) have recommended that deworming be included in vitamin A supplementation programs, 24 and combined vitamin A supplementation and deworming have been shown to reduce Ascaris reinfection rates among PSC in Panama.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection and Nutritional Status Among Urban Slum Children in Kenya

Suchdev

Davis

Bartoces

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. To evaluate the nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection, we conducted a crosssectional survey of 205 pre-school (PSC) and 487 school-aged children (SAC) randomly selected from the surveillance registry of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the Kibera slum in Kenya. Hemoglobin, iron deficiency (ID), vitamin A deficiency (VAD), inflammation, malaria, anthropometry, and STH ova were measured. Poisson regression models evaluated associations between STH and malnutrition outcomes and controlled for confounders. Approximately 40% of PSC and SAC had STH infection, primarily Ascaris and Trichuris; 2.9% of PSC and 1.1% of SAC had high-intensity infection. Malnutrition prevalence among PSC and SAC was anemia (38.3% and 14.0%, respectively), ID (23.0% and 5.0%, respectively), VAD (16.9% and 4.5%, respectively), and stunting (29.7% and 16.9%, respectively). In multivariate analysis, STH in PSC was associated with VAD (prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-4.6) and ID (PR = 3.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.6-6.6) but not anemia or stunting. No associations were significant in SAC. Integrated deworming and micronutrient supplementation strategies should be evaluated in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection and Nutritional Status Among Urban Slum Children in Kenya

Suchdev

Davis

Bartoces

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Mechanistic understanding of the relationship between infection and nutrient deficiencies is also lacking, but it is likely that reduced appetite, impaired nutrient absorption following helminth‐induced tissue damage and increased nutrient loss all play a role . With regard to vitamin A deficiencies, helminths including Ascaris lumbricoides express retinol and retinoic acid‐binding and degrading proteins that they utilize for their growth and development . Retinoic acid is highly enriched in the gastrointestinal tract and is key to a functioning adaptive immune system .…”

Section: Ilc2 and Nutrient Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and evolution of innate lymphoid cells: Wardens of barrier immunity

Neill

Flynn

2017

Parasite Immunology

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The identification, in the late 2000s, of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) as a new class of non-B, non-T lymphocytes has led to global efforts to understand their functions, plasticity and evolutionary origins and to define their place within the leucocyte family. Although this work has uncovered striking similarities in the developmental cues, lineage-specific transcription factors and functional capacities of innate and adaptive lymphocytes, it has become clear that ILCs play a unique and defining role as stewards of barrier defence and that this sets them apart from their adaptive cousins. This review will explore how the dynamic environment of barrier surfaces has shaped ILC evolution and functionality. We highlight the critical importance of the microbiome and the unique role of ILCs as environmental sensors. We reflect on how these factors may have influenced the development of ILC2s and barrier immunity in the context of exposure to helminth parasites that have been driving forces of our evolution throughout human history. Finally, we argue that the plasticity of ILC function reflects their role as first responders to environmental change.

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“…Anti-inflammatory (Thielitz et al, 2006;Andrea and Zaenglein, 2008), antifungal and antimicrobial effects of RA has also been observed against several fungi and bacteria (Mikhlin et al, 1983). RA antiparasitic activity was rarely investigated (Hurst and Else, 2012). For instance, RA was correlated with successful clearing of Trichinella.…”

Section: Cystic Echinococcosis (Ce) Is a Chronic Zoonosis Caused By Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viability loss and ultrastructural changes on protoscolices of human hydatid cysts induced by retinoic acid

Yones¹,

Mahmoud²,

Othman³

et al. 2014

J. Parasitol. Vector Biol.

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Surgical removal of intact hydatid cyst is the most effective treatment for hydatid disease. Recurrence of hydatid cyst is mainly due to dissemination of protoscolices (PSCs) rich fluid during the surgical operation. Therefore, preoperative instillation of a scolicidal agent into the cyst is a common practice with adverse side effects of the used drugs. All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is the physiological mediator of most of the functions of vitamin A, particularly as a cellular differentiation and apoptosis regulating factor. We hypothesized that instillation of atRA could provide an alternative safe scolicidal approach. We tested the scolicidal effects and ultrastructural changes imposed by atRA on human hydatid cyst PSCs in vitro. Freshly isolated hydatid cyst PSCs were subjected to atRA (at 16.7, 1.67, 0.167 µM and 16.7 nM/L). Changes in protoscolices viability (0.1% eosin exclusion) and morphology (scanning and transmission electron microscopy; SEM and TEM) were investigated. Dose-dependent PSCs death within few minutes to 7 days of exposure to atRA was observed. SEM demonstrated ultrastructural damages including rosteller disorganization, loss of hooks and distortion of hooks morphology. TEM revealed loss of the integrity of the internal tissues of PSCs, an increased vacuolization, formation of large lipid droplets in the distal cytoplasm and aberrant, rounded abnormally large sized mitochondria. atRA is a promising alternative to the available synthetic and chemical scolicidal agents. However, in vivo scolicidal activities of atRA and the possible side effects necessitate further studies.

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Retinoic acid signalling in gastrointestinal parasite infections: lessons from mouse models

Cited by 28 publications

References 74 publications

Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection and Nutritional Status Among Urban Slum Children in Kenya

Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection and Nutritional Status Among Urban Slum Children in Kenya

Origins and evolution of innate lymphoid cells: Wardens of barrier immunity

Viability loss and ultrastructural changes on protoscolices of human hydatid cysts induced by retinoic acid

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