Retinoids

Dikmen, Begüm Yurdakök; Filazı, Ayhan; İnce, Sinan

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804239-7.00027-5

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Retinoids are vitamin A‐derived hormones that have many important roles in development and tissue homeostasis . Retinoid‐based medications are effective and widely used treatments for acne and, while their mechanism of action is unknown, their inhibitory effect on SGs is evident.…”

Section: Factors Controlling Sebaceous Gland Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeostasis of the sebaceous gland and mechanisms of acne pathogenesis

et al. 2019

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Summary Background Sebaceous glands (SGs) are appendages of mammalian skin that produce a mixture of lipids known as sebum. Acne vulgaris is an exceptionally common skin condition, characterized by elevated sebum production, altered sebum composition, and the formation of infundibular cysts, called comedones. Comedo‐associated SGs are atrophic, suggesting that comedo formation involves abnormal differentiation of progenitor cells that generate the SG and infundibulum: the ‘comedo switch’. Understanding the biological processes that govern SG homeostasis promises to highlight potential aetiological mechanisms underlying acne and other SG‐associated skin disorders. Results In this review, we discuss the clinical data, genetic mouse models and in vitro research that have highlighted major hormones, paracrine factors, transcription factors and signalling pathways that control SG homeostasis. These include, but are not limited to androgens, progestogens and oestrogens; retinoids; receptor tyrosine kinases such as ErbB family receptors, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 and insulin/insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptors; peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ; aryl hydrocarbon receptor; and the Wnt signalling pathway. Where possible, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these regulatory factors control SG biology are indicated, along with considerations as to how they might contribute to acne pathogenesis. Conclusions Future research should seek to establish the relative importance, and causative relationships, of altered sebum production, sebum composition, inflammation and abnormal differentiation of sebaceous progenitors to the process of comedo formation in acne. Such an understanding will allow for therapeutic targeting of regulatory factors that control SG homeostasis, with the aim of treating acne.

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Section: Factors Controlling Sebaceous Gland Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeostasis of the sebaceous gland and mechanisms of acne pathogenesis

et al. 2019

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“…By incorporating aromatic rings into their molecular structures for enhanced rigidity (unlike the more flexible aliphatic backbone found in vitamin A and older retinoids) these compounds reduce the potential for off-target effects. A fourth generation, represented by seletinoid G, introduces a pyranone-derived retinoid, and is effective for treating intrinsic and photo-aging because it does not irritate the skin when applied topically under occlusion, whereas tretinoin tends to cause intense redness [1,31]. All the generations' structural formulas are represented in Figure 1.…”

Section: Structure-activity Of Natural and Synthetic Retinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retinoic acid (RA), a prominent derivative of vitamin A, exerts significant influence over various biological processes. It is crucial for maintaining vision, regulating cell growth and differentiation, controlling programmed cell death (apoptosis), and orchestrating embryonic development [1,2]. Beyond these functions, RA promotes the formation of bone tissue, supports key immune system activities, and contributes to the suppression of tumorigenesis by activating specific tumor-suppressor genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is involved in critical processes such as tissue differentiation, cellular growth, mucus secretion, embryonic development, and cellular homeostasis. Humans obtain vitamin A through dietary sources, including preformed retinol from animal products, Biomedicines 2024, 12, 1059 2 of 14 retinyl esters from fortified foods, and provitamin A carotenoids from a variety of fruits and vegetables [1,3,5]. This review aims to provide an in-depth exploration of retinoids and their emerging role in drug repurposing, with a specific focus on their potential to be redirected towards new therapeutic applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure–Activity Relationships and Therapeutic Applications of Retinoids in View of Potential Benefits from Drug Repurposing Process

Kawczak,

Feszak,

Brzeziński

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Vitamin A, an essential micronutrient, is integral to various biological processes crucial for organismal development and maintenance. Dietary sources of vitamin A encompass preformed retinol, retinyl esters, and provitamin A carotenoids. Retinoic acid (RA), a key component, plays pivotal roles in vision, cell proliferation, apoptosis, immune function, and gene regulation. Drug repurposing, an effective strategy for identifying new therapeutic applications for existing drugs, has gained prominence in recent years. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape surrounding retinoids and drug repurposing. The scope of this review encompasses a comprehensive examination of retinoids and their potential for repurposing in various therapeutic contexts. Despite their efficacy in treating dermatological conditions, concerns about toxicity persist, driving the search for safer and more potent retinoids. The molecular mechanisms underlying retinoid activity involve binding to retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), leading to transcriptional regulation of target genes. This review seeks to shed light on the possibilities for repurposing retinoids to cover a wider spectrum of therapeutic uses by exploring recent scientific progress. It also aims to offer a more comprehensive understanding of the therapeutic prospects of retinoids and the broader impact of drug repositioning in contemporary medicine.

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“…Natural retinoids are composed of four isoprenoid units linked together. Overall, the term retinoid comprises natural and synthetic compositions similar to vitamin A, even if there is no biological activity concerning vitamin A [ 7 ]. Thus, diverse forms of retinoids are found in the body, both natural and synthetic.…”

Section: Biology Of Retinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiepileptogenic Effect of Retinoic Acid

Rosiles-Abonce

Rubio

Taddei

et al. 2021

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: Retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A, acts through either genomic or nongenomic actions. The genomic action of retinoids exerts effects on gene transcription through interaction with retinoid receptors such as retinoic acid receptors (RARα, β, and γ) and retinoid X receptors (RXRα, β, and γ) that are primarily concentrated in amygdala, pre-frontal cortex, and hippocampal areas in the brain. In response to retinoid binding, RAR/RXR heterodimers undergo major conformational changes and orchestrate the transcription of specific gene networks. Previous experimental studies have reported that retinoic acid exerts an antiepileptogenic effect through diverse mechanisms, including the modulation of gap junctions, neurotransmitters, long-term potentiation, calcium channels and some genes. To our knowledge, there are no previous or current clinical trials evaluating the use of retinoic acid for seizure control.

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Retinoids

Cited by 4 publications

References 91 publications

Homeostasis of the sebaceous gland and mechanisms of acne pathogenesis

Homeostasis of the sebaceous gland and mechanisms of acne pathogenesis

Structure–Activity Relationships and Therapeutic Applications of Retinoids in View of Potential Benefits from Drug Repurposing Process

Antiepileptogenic Effect of Retinoic Acid

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