Retinol, α-tocopherol and proximate nutrient composition of invertebrates used as feed

Pennino, Marianne; Dierenfeld, Ellen S.; Behler, John L.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1990.tb01154.x

Cited by 28 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, it is currently not known whether this is also true for reptiles. Retinol concentrations in this study are between 0.11 and 0.19 mg/kg DM which is in line with reported literature values for insects ranging from 0.03 to 0.93 mg/kg DM [Pennino et al, 1991].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This high fecundity, together with a high acceptability by insectivores are the main reasons this species is regularly used in zoos and private collections outside the United States as a food source for insectivores. In recent years the chemical composition of prey insects has received some attention [Barker et al, 1998; Finke, 2002; Pennino et al, 1991]. Insects, in general, differ greatly regarding nutrient content, for instance protein content can vary from 7.5 to 91% DM [Bukkens, 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of diet on the chemical composition of migratory locusts (Locusta migratoria)

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diet on the chemical composition of migratory locusts (Locusta migratoria L.). Fresh and dry weight and the contents of dry matter, ash, lipid, protein, Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Cu, Fe, Zn, retinol, lutein, zeaxanthine, cryptoxanthin, carotenes, lycopene and gross energy were determined in penultimate instar and adult locusts, that had been fed three different diets. The locusts received a diet of grass or grass+wheat bran or grass+wheat bran+carrots. Adding wheat bran decreased the protein content and increased fat content (633 vs. 583 and 182 vs. 231 g/kg DM, respectively). Addition of carrots to the diet increased fat content further from 231 to 271 g/kg DM. Mineral concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, and Na, were significantly affected by diet. P, K, Cu, and Fe concentrations were significantly different in penultimate migratory locusts compared with adults. Wheat bran decreased the α-carotene content, which did not change by incorporating carrots in the diet. However, carrots did result in higher β-carotene concentrations. Retinol concentrations were increased by incorporating both wheat bran and carrots in the diet compared with the diet containing only grass. This study shows that the chemical composition of migratory locusts can be manipulated through the diet. As such, it enables nutritionists to adapt the chemical composition of live feeder insects to better meet the nutritional demands of predators.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of diet on the chemical composition of migratory locusts (Locusta migratoria)

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Data for wild insects consists of moisture, protein, fat, ash, fiber, fatty acids and select minerals [Reichle et al, ; Levy and Cromroy, ; Studier and Sevick, ; Studier et al, ; Punzo, ]. Amino acid and vitamin concentrations of a limited number of wild insect species have been documented [Pennino et al, ; Ramsay and Houston, ; Rumpold and Schlüter, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gut loading is suitable for most nutrients as long as the diet is palatable to the insect, the form of the nutrient is easily consumed by the insect and the diet contains sufficient quantities of the desired nutrient(s). Most research on the effects of gut loading has focused on increasing the calcium content of insects although vitamin A and some other nutrients have been studied [Strzelegicz et al, ; Allen and Oftedal, ; Pennino et al, ; Anderson, ; Klasing et al, ; Finke, ; Hunt‐Coslik et al, ; McComb, ; Oonincx and Van der Poel, ; Ogilvy et al, ,; Attard, ]. Gut loading has been shown to be effective in a large number of insect species and the calcium from gut loaded yellow mealworms was shown to be readily available to growing chicks [Klasing et al, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and health in amphibian husbandry

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amphibian biology is intricate, and there are many inter-related factors that need to be understood before establishing successful Conservation Breeding Programs (CBPs). Nutritional needs of amphibians are highly integrated with disease and their husbandry needs, and the diversity of developmental stages, natural habitats, and feeding strategies result in many different recommendations for proper care and feeding. This review identifies several areas where there is substantial room for improvement in maintaining healthy ex situ amphibian populations specifically in the areas of obtaining and utilizing natural history data for both amphibians and their dietary items, achieving more appropriate environmental parameters, understanding stress and hormone production, and promoting better physical and population health. Using a scientific or research framework to answer questions about disease, nutrition, husbandry, genetics, and endocrinology of ex situ amphibians will improve specialists’ understanding of the needs of these species. In general, there is a lack of baseline data and comparative information for most basic aspects of amphibian biology as well as standardized laboratory approaches. Instituting a formalized research approach in multiple scientific disciplines will be beneficial not only to the management of current ex situ populations, but also in moving forward with future conservation and reintroduction projects. This overview of gaps in knowledge concerning ex situ amphibian care should serve as a foundation for much needed future research in these areas.

show abstract

“…(2010), chameleons supplemented with Ca and vitamin A showed colonic calcifications. Because insects generally are a poor source of vitamin A (Bowers and McCay, 1940; Pennino et al., 1991; Dierenfeld et al., 1995), insectivores are probably adapted to convert ß‐carotene into retinol (in chameleons: Dierenfeld et al., 2002) and might be particularly susceptible to vitamin A overdosing, which may lead to tissue calcifications and hyperostosis (in mammalian insectivores: Dierenfeld et al., 1995; Crawshaw and Oyarzun, 1996). Therefore, supplementing high Ca diets at least partly with ß‐carotene rather than vitamin A only may be a prudent option in such future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry matter and calcium digestibility in captive veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus)

Hoby¹,

Clauss

Aebischer

et al. 2011

Animal Physiology Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although metabolic bone disease (MBD) is a very common disease in reptiles kept as pets, empirical data on the calcium (Ca) metabolism of reptiles are still scarce. We used the opportunity of a large-scale experimental study on growth and clinical manifestations of MBD in captive veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus) to measure the apparent dry matter (DM) and Ca digestibility in 19 animals (6-49 g), receiving locust nymphs (Locusta migratoria) of two size classes (0.05 and 0.5 g) with or without supplementation of Ca, vitamin A and cholecalciferol (Group A: Ca 0.04-0.09%DM; Group B: Ca 0.47-0.84%DM). Dry matter digestibility was significantly lower for animals receiving smaller-sized prey. A regression analysis of dietary Ca vs. digestible Ca content revealed a complete 'true' digestibility of Ca for the range of investigated diets, which might indicate that requirements for this mineral were not yet exceeded by the diets used (so that a reduction in Ca absorption would be induced). Options of higher dietary Ca provision, and reactions of chameleons to such diets, should be further investigated.

show abstract

Retinol, α-tocopherol and proximate nutrient composition of invertebrates used as feed

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of diet on the chemical composition of migratory locusts (Locusta migratoria)

Effects of diet on the chemical composition of migratory locusts (Locusta migratoria)

Nutrition and health in amphibian husbandry

Dry matter and calcium digestibility in captive veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About