Retinomotor Rhythms in the Goldfish, Carassius Auratus

John, Kenneth R.; SeGall, Marc; Zawatzky, Lawrence

doi:10.2307/1539888

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…In constant darkness, a cyclic contraction and expansion was observed for many species, with the exception of salmonids (ENGSTRÖM & ROSSTORP 1963, JOHN et al 1967, BURNSIDE et al 1983, 1993, BRECKLER & BURNSIDE 1994, but the amplitude of the movement and the duration of the rhythm seems to vary with the species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In continuous darkness, the retinomotor movements are usually cyclic and persistent, corresponding to the hours of dusk and dawn. These endogenous movements (ALI 1975) were observed in many fishes, with the exception of Salmonidae (ENGSTRÖM & ROSSTORP 1963, JOHN et al 1967, OLLA & MARCHIONI 1968. In some Antarctic fish the retinomotor movements were studied for many authors (MEYER-ROCHOW & KLYNE 1982, PANKHURST & MONTGOMERY 1989, PHAN & NACHI 1990, MACDONALD & MONTGOMERY 1991.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Retinomotor movements in the Antarctic fish Trematomus newnesi Boulenger submitted to different environmental light conditions

Donatti

Fanta

2007

Rev. Bras. Zool.

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The Antarctic fish Trematomus newnesi (Boulenger, 1902) occurs from benthic to pelagic habitats, in seasonally and daily varied photic conditions that induce retinomotor movements. Fish were experimentally kept under constant darkness or light, and 12Light/12Dark for seven days. The retinomotor movement of the pigment epithelium was established through the pigment index, while that of the cones was calculated as the length of the myoid. The retinomotor movement of the pigment epithelium in T.newnesi,revealed that the adaptation to constant light occurred in the one hour of exposure, remaining constant for the next seven days. However, the adaptation to constant darkness, was slower. The difference between the mean values of the pigment indices in the time intervals of sampling was significant in the first hours of the experiment, and only after six hours they were not significant any more. The myoid of cones became elongated in darkness and contracted in light. In the experiments where T.newnesiwas exposed initially to 12 hours light followed by 12 hours darkness 12 was evidenced that the speed and intensity of the retinomotor movements was higher when darkness changed into light, than when light changed into darkness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Retinomotor movements in the Antarctic fish Trematomus newnesi Boulenger submitted to different environmental light conditions

Donatti

Fanta

2007

Rev. Bras. Zool.

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“…The most prominent changes are the retinomotor movements of the cone outer segments and of the pigment epithelium. These rhythmic retinomotor movements continue when fish entrained to a light/dark cycle are exposed to constant light conditions (Welsh & Osborn, 1937;John et al, 1967;Levinson & Burnside, 1981). Bassi and Powers (1987) measured the absolute visual threshold in the fish retina and showed that this threshold follows a circadian clock and persists even after 7 days in continuous darkness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous dopamine and cyclic events in the fish retina, I: HPLC assay of total content, release, and metabolic turnover during different light/dark cycles

et al. 1990

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In this study, we investigated the potency of dopamine for being an intrinsic signal for cyclic events in the fish retina. Dopaminergic activity was measured during different light/dark cycles, during continuous darkness, and during short-term light and dark adaptation within 1 h. During a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle, the total content of endogenous dopamine was high during the dark phase and low during the light phase. The potassium-induced release of endogenous dopamine followed a parallel time course. The concentration of the dopamine breakdown product 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), which reflects the endogenous dopaminergic activity, was high during the light phase and low during the dark phase. Similar alterations occurred in accelerated 6-h light/6-h dark cycles, again indicating a strong coupling of dopaminergic activity with light. The cyclic alterations in the total endogenous dopamine content persisted during continuous darkness after an entrainment of the fish to a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle. Although the magnitude of the change was weaker, changes in dopamine content, potassium-induced dopamine release, and DOPAC were also measured during 1 h of light or dark adaptation. During a 1-h period of dark adaptation, the total content of dopamine and the potassium-induced release of endogenous dopamine increased, while DOPAC values decreased. These values changed in the opposite direction during 1 h of light adaptation.Our findings strongly suggest that dopamine is the intrinsic signal for light during both the light and dark phases and during short-term adaptation. Light seems to be the major trigger for dopaminergic activity within the fish retina. An endogenous clock might participate in the control of the dopaminergic activity. This has to be, however, confirmed by further investigations.

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“…The observed hierarchy of the reliance of cone contraction on endogenous signals (Fig.4) is supported by the behaviour of the cones of these species in continuous darkness. While the retinomotor movements of the glowlight tetra (H. erythrozonus) cones continue in an undiminished fashion for many days, previous work has shown neon tetra (Paracheirodon innesi) (Lythgoe and Shand, 1983) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) (Meneger et al, 2005) cones to display a somewhat reduced amplitude of contraction in continual darkness whereas the rhythm of goldfish (Carassius auratus) cones is much reduced in such conditions (Wigger, 1941;John et al, 1967). Interestingly, the only other species that has a similarly strong endogenous rhythm of cone contraction in continual darkness to the glowlight tetra, the goldeneye cichlid (Nannacara anomala), whose cones continue to contract in an undamped manner for at least three days (Douglas and Wagner, 1982), comes from a similar geographical location to the glowlight tetra (the Aruka River in Guyana, latitude 8.2°; FishBase).…”

Section: Species Variation In the Strength Of Endogenous Control Of Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An endogenous component to the control of retinomotor movements has been demonstrated in 14 species of teleost fish (Welsh and Osborn, 1937;Arey and Mundt, 1941;Wigger, 1942;John and Haut, 1964;John et al, 1967;John and Gring, 1968;Olla and Machioni, 1968;John and Kaminester, 1969;Levinson and Burnside, 1981;Douglas, 1982b;Douglas and Wagner, 1982;Lythgoe and Shand, 1983;Burnside and Ackland, 1984;Dearry and Barlow, 1987;McCormack and Burnside, 1991;Douglas et al, 1992;McCormack and Burnside, 1992;McCormack and McDonnell, 1994;Menger et al, 2005). However, among these species the relative degree to which the retinomotor movements are under endogenous control rather than subject to the direct influence of ambient illumination varies widely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A latitudinal cline in the efficacy of endogenous signals: evidence derived from retinal cone contraction in fish

Yammouni

Bozzano

Douglas

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYLike many physiological systems synchronised to the light:dark cycle, retinomotor movements in 'lower' vertebrates are controlled by both the ambient illumination and input from endogenous circadian oscillators. In the present study, we examine the relative influence of these two signals in various species of teleost fish with different latitudes of origin. We find equatorial species show very strong endogenous control. The cones of the glowlight tetra, for example, continue to go through undiminished cycles of contraction and relaxation that mirror the previous light:dark cycle for at least two weeks in continual darkness. To quantify the relative effectiveness of the ambient light compared with endogenous signals in causing cone contraction, the degree to which seven teleost species responded to light during the dark phase of their light:dark cycle was examined. In this situation the retina receives conflicting instructions; while the light is acting directly to cause light adaptation, any endogenous signal tends to keep the retinal elements dark adapted. The further from the equator a species originated, the more its cones contracted in response to such illumination, suggesting animals from higher latitudes make little use of endogenous oscillators and rely more on ambient illumination to control behaviours. Equatorial species, however, rely on internal pacemakers to a much greater degree and are relatively insensitive to exogenous light signals. Because these data are consistent with published observations in systems as diverse as melatonin synthesis in Arctic reindeer and the behaviour of regional populations of Drosophila, latitudinal clines in the efficacy of circadian oscillators may be a common feature among animals.

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Retinomotor Rhythms in the Goldfish, Carassius Auratus

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Retinomotor movements in the Antarctic fish Trematomus newnesi Boulenger submitted to different environmental light conditions

Retinomotor movements in the Antarctic fish Trematomus newnesi Boulenger submitted to different environmental light conditions

Endogenous dopamine and cyclic events in the fish retina, I: HPLC assay of total content, release, and metabolic turnover during different light/dark cycles

A latitudinal cline in the efficacy of endogenous signals: evidence derived from retinal cone contraction in fish

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