Retinopathy of prematurity: Overview and highlights of an initiative to integrate prevention, screening, and management into the public health system in India

Gilbert, Clare; Shukla, Rajan; Murthy, G V S; Santosha, Bala V M; Murthy, Gudlavalleti V S; Mukpalkar, Srividya; Yamarthi, Pavani; Pendyala, Suneetha; Puppala, Anusha; Edla, Supriya; Batchu, Tripura

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_2080_19

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…[ 28 ] To reduce the burden of blindness and visual impairment in India and the subsequent sizeable negative impact on the national economy and productivity, greater investment should be made toward early detection of avoidable conditions such as cataract and refractive error through screening at the primary level and toward providing targeted interventions for avoidable blindness and vision impairment, and increase the cataract surgery targets from the current 6.7 million per year. [ 4 10 29 30 31 ] Screening programs should target and identify persons at the primary level by using presenting vision <6/12 in the better eye to reduce the economic impact of blindness and visual impairment. [ 32 33 ] The burden of blindness and vision impairment estimates will help advocate the need for accelerated adoption of all four strategies of integrated people-centered eye care (IPCEC) by providing adequate information, which is helpful in budgetary allocation, especially reorienting the model of care by integrating primary eye care horizontally with all levels of primary healthcare and thereby establishing sustainable and efficient preventive care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current estimates of the economic burden of blindness and visual impairment in India: A cost of illness study

Shamanna

Mannava

Borah

2022

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: Currently, there are an estimated 4.95 million blind persons and 70 million vision impaired persons in India, out of which 0.24 million are blind children. Early detection and treatment of the leading causes of blindness such as cataract are important in reducing the prevalence of blindness and vision impairment. There are significant developments in the field of blindness prevention, management, and control since the “Vision 2020: The right to sight” initiative. Very few studies have analyzed the cost of blindness at the population level. This study was undertaken to update the information on the economic burden of blindness and visual impairment in India based on the prevalence of blindness in India. We used secondary and publicly available data and a few assumptions for our estimations. Methods: We used gross national income (GNI), disability weights, and loss of productivity metrics to calculate the economic burden of blindness and vision impairment based on the “cost of illness” methodology. Results: The estimated net loss of GNI due to blindness in India is INR 845 billion (Int$ 38.4 billion), with a per capita loss of GNI per blind person of INR 170,624 (Int$ 7,756). The cumulative loss of GNI due to avoidable blindness in India is INR 11,778.6 billion (Int$ 535 billion). The cumulative loss of GNI due to blindness increased almost three times in the past two decades. The potential loss of productivity due to vision impairment is INR 646 billion (Int$ 29.4 billion). Conclusion: These estimates provide adequate information for budgetary allocation and will help advocate the need for accelerated adoption of all four strategies of integrated people-centered eye care (IPCEC). Early detection and treatment of blindness, especially among children, is very important in reducing the economic burden; thus, there is a need for integrating primary eye care horizontally with all levels of primary healthcare.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current estimates of the economic burden of blindness and visual impairment in India: A cost of illness study

Shamanna

Mannava

Borah

2022

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…We have identified specific changes that can be made to the program, and these can be evaluated in a quality improvement cycle. One option is to use the plan–do–study–act cycle [ 21 ], which was recently used in India to improve the quality of neonatal care by integrating retinopathy of prematurity services into the government health system [ 22 ]. These changes could be incorporated into the work of the technical working group for eye health recently established by the Ministry of Health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Appointment System Influences Uptake of Cataract Surgical Services in Rwanda

Kitema

Morjaria

Mathenge³

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The aim of this study was to investigate barriers and enablers associated with the uptake of cataract surgery in Rwanda, where financial protection is almost universally available. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study where potential participants were adults aged >18 years who accepted an appointment for cataract surgery during the study period (May–July 2019). Information was collected from hospital records and a semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Of the 297 people with surgery appointments, 221 (74.4%) were recruited into the study, 126 (57.0%) of whom had attended their appointment. People more likely to attend their surgical appointment were literate, had fewer than 8 children, had poorer visual acuity, had access to a telephone in the family, received a specific date to attend their appointment, received a reminder, and reported no difficulties walking (95% significance level, p < 0.05). The most commonly reported barriers were insufficient information about the appointment (n = 40/68, 58.8%) and prohibitive indirect costs (n = 29/68, 42.6%). This study suggests that clear communication of appointment information and a subsequent reminder, together with additional support for people with limited mobility, are strategies that could improve uptake of cataract surgery in Rwanda.

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“…When the global situation of childhood blindness is considered, as per the literature approximately 50,000 children are blind due to ROP and in USA even with the most advanced of care 600 premature children become blind legally each year 3 . In our region (south Asia), while India having 23.4% of all premature births globally 490,000 are born either at 32 weeks of gestation or less and out of this at least 5,000 require ROP treatment 8 .…”

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confidence: 85%

Audit of retinopathy of prematurity rate (total and treatment needed) in Teaching Hospital, Kurunegala, Sri Lanka

Kaluarachchi

Basanayaka

Karunaratne

et al. 2021

J. Coll. Ophthal. SL

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Retinopathy of prematurity: Overview and highlights of an initiative to integrate prevention, screening, and management into the public health system in India

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Current estimates of the economic burden of blindness and visual impairment in India: A cost of illness study

Current estimates of the economic burden of blindness and visual impairment in India: A cost of illness study

The Appointment System Influences Uptake of Cataract Surgical Services in Rwanda

Audit of retinopathy of prematurity rate (total and treatment needed) in Teaching Hospital, Kurunegala, Sri Lanka

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