Retinotopic organization of areas 18 and 19 in the cat

Tusa, Ronald J.; Rosenquist, Alan C.; Palmer, Larry A.

doi:10.1002/cne.901850405

Cited by 532 publications

(306 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

276

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Selecting cortical locations for analysis-Because electrophysiological mapping of area 18 would have caused tissue damage and associated alterations in the neurochemistry of cortical layers we needed to analyze, published electrophysiological maps (Tusa et al, 1979(Tusa et al, , 1981 were used to estimate retinotopy for brain regions directly exposed to visual retraining following LS lesions. For Cat 1, retraining was carried out by using a circular stimulus 5° in diameter, at ~9° eccentricity in the lower left visual quadrant ("a" in Fig.…”

Section: Quantitative Immunohistochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A neurochemical signature of visual recovery after extrastriate cortical damage in the adult cat

Huxlin

Williams

Price

2008

J of Comparative Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In adult cats, damage to the extrastriate visual cortex on the banks of the lateral suprasylvian (LS) sulcus causes severe deficits in motion perception that can recover as a result of intensive direction discrimination training. The fact that recovery is restricted to trained visual field locations suggests that the neural circuitry of early visual cortical areas, with their tighter retinotopy, may play an important role in attaining perceptual improvements after damage to higher level visual cortex. The present study tests this hypothesis by comparing the manner in which excitatory and inhibitory components of the supragranular circuitry in an early visual cortical area (area 18) are affected by LS lesions and postlesion training. First, the proportion of LS-projecting pyramidal cells as well as calbindin-and parvalbumin-positive interneurons expressing each of the four AMPA receptor subunits was estimated in layers II and III of area 18 in intact animals. The degree to which LS lesions and visual retraining altered these expression patterns was then assessed. Both LS-projecting pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons exhibited long-term, differential reductions in the expression of glutamate receptor (GluR)1, -2, -2/3, and -4 following LS lesions. Intensive visual training post lesion restored normal AMPAR subunit expression in all three cell-types examined. Furthermore, for LS-projecting and calbindin-positive neurons, this restoration occurred only in portions of the ipsi-lesional area 18 representing trained visual field locations. This supports our hypothesis that stimulation of early visual cortical areas-in this case, area 18-by training is an important factor in restoring visual perception after permanent damage to LS cortex. Indexing termsGluR1; GluR2; GluR3; GluR4; NR1; calbindin; parvalbumin; pyramidal cellThe adult brain exhibits remarkable plasticity throughout life (see reviews by Gilbert et al., 1996;Kaas, 1995). Well-documented cases of training-induced recovery following damage to adult motor cortex (see reviews by Hallett, 2001;Cauraugh and Summers, 2005), adult somatosensory cortex (Xerri, 1998;Xerri et al., 2004), and adult visual cortex (Newsome and Pare, 1988; Pasternak, 1996, 1999;Huxlin and Pasternak, 2004) suggest that some of this plasticity can be tapped for the purpose of recovering function after permanent brain damage. In the visual system, most studies reporting training-induced recovery of function were conducted following damage to extrastriate visual cortex-lesions of the lateral suprasylvian (LS) visual cortex in cats, e.g. (Rudolph and Pasternak, 1996 Pasternak, 2004) or lesions in areas MT/MST of monkeys (Newsome and Pare, 1988;Rudolph and Pasternak, 1999).The feline LS cortex is a complex of extrastriate visual areas (Palmer et al., 1978;Sherk, 1986b;Grant and Shipp, 1991;Sherk and Mulligan, 1993) that exhibit functional similarity with areas MT/MST of primates (Payne, 1993), playing an important role in the processing of complex visual motion information (Rau...

show abstract

Section: Quantitative Immunohistochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This resulted in a total lack of cellular staining. (Tusa et al, 1979(Tusa et al, , 1981 were used to estimate retinotopy for brain regions directly exposed to visual retraining following LS lesions. For Cat 1, retraining was carried out by using a circular stimulus 5° in diameter, at ~9° eccentricity in the lower left visual quadrant ("a" in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A neurochemical signature of visual recovery after extrastriate cortical damage in the adult cat

Huxlin

Williams

Price

2008

J of Comparative Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The visual stimuli used to map response properties consisted of sine wave gratings at 80% contrast drifting across the central 60°of visual space (mean luminance, 27.5 cd/m 2 ). The portions of areas 17 and 18 that were imaged correspond to the central 5-10°of visual space (Tusa et al, 1978(Tusa et al, , 1979. All stimulus sets included four randomly interleaved mean-luminance gray stimuli; the responses averaged over these four stimuli were used to produce a "blank" response image.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Representation of Complex Images in Spatial Frequency Domains of Primary Visual Cortex

Zhang¹,

Rosenberg²,

Mallik³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The organization of cat primary visual cortex has been well mapped using simple stimuli such as sinusoidal gratings, revealing superimposed maps of orientation and spatial frequency preferences. However, it is not yet understood how complex images are represented across these maps. In this study, we ask whether a linear filter model can explain how cortical spatial frequency domains are activated by complex images. The model assumes that the response to a stimulus at any point on the cortical surface can be predicted by its individual orientation, spatial frequency, and temporal frequency tuning curves. To test this model, we imaged the pattern of activity within cat area 17 in response to stimuli composed of multiple spatial frequencies. Consistent with the predictions of the model, the stimuli activated low and high spatial frequency domains differently: at low stimulus drift speeds, both domains were strongly activated, but activity fell off in high spatial frequency domains as drift speed increased. To determine whether the filter model quantitatively predicted the activity patterns, we measured the spatiotemporal tuning properties of the functional domains in vivo and calculated expected response amplitudes from the model. The model accurately predicted cortical response patterns for two types of complex stimuli drifting at a variety of speeds. These results suggest that the distributed activity of primary visual cortex can be predicted from cortical maps like those of orientation and SF preference generated using simple, sinusoidal stimuli, and that dynamic visual acuity is degraded at or before the level of area 17.

show abstract

“…In spite of the head mask, a visual area V1 mask was defi ned based on the anatomical details [38] of each cat. In addition, a brain mask was defi ned from the anatomical data.…”

Section: Roi and Index Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setup and data analysis for functional magnetic resonance imaging of awake cat visual cortex

Cui

et al. 2013

Neurosci. Bull.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the most commonly used methods in cognitive neuroscience on humans. In recent decades, fMRI has also been used in the awake monkey experiments to localize functional brain areas and to compare the functional differences between human and monkey brains. Several procedures and paradigms have been developed to maintain proper head fixation and to perform motion control training. In this study, we extended the application of fMRI to awake cats without training, receiving a fl ickering checkerboard visual stimulus projected to a screen in front of them in a block-design paradigm. We found that body movement-induced non-rigid motion introduced artifacts into the functional scans, especially those around the eye and neck. To correct for these artifacts, we developed two methods: one for general experimental design, and the other for studies of whether a checkerboard task could be used as a localizer to optimize the motioncorrection parameters. The results demonstrated that, with proper animal fixation and motion correction procedures, it is possible to perform fMRI experiments with untrained awake cats.

show abstract

Retinotopic organization of areas 18 and 19 in the cat

Cited by 532 publications

References 20 publications

A neurochemical signature of visual recovery after extrastriate cortical damage in the adult cat

A neurochemical signature of visual recovery after extrastriate cortical damage in the adult cat

The Representation of Complex Images in Spatial Frequency Domains of Primary Visual Cortex

Setup and data analysis for functional magnetic resonance imaging of awake cat visual cortex

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About