2022
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.888969
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RETRACTED: A Dynamic Analysis of the Asymmetric Effects of the Vocational Education and Training on Economic Growth, Evidence From China

Abstract: Since 2010, China's economic growth has stagnated due to an unbalanced regional industrial structure and lack of sufficient qualified technical personnel. A nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model has been used in this study to examine the asymmetric effects of secondary vocational education and training (SVET) and higher vocational education and training (HVET) and their interaction with high-tech industries on economic growth over the period 1980–2020. The findings show that an increase in sec… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…Stationarity checks are not mandatory for applying NARDL models, as suggested by previous studies ( Abbasi et al, 2022 ; Amin et al, 2022 ). However, as highlighted by some studies, this model is not suitable for second-order integrals because the results of the bound F statistic become invalid in the case of I (2; Alqahtani et al, 2020 ; Syed, 2021a , b ; Syed et al, 2021b , 2022 ; Bertsatos et al, 2022 ; Xia et al, 2022 ). Hence, this study used three different unit root tests, the DF-GLS test proposed by Elliot et al (1996) , Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) Dickey and Fuller (1981) , and Phillips and Perron (PP) Phillips and Perron (1988) to test variable integrals.…”
Section: Analysis Results and Interpretationmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Stationarity checks are not mandatory for applying NARDL models, as suggested by previous studies ( Abbasi et al, 2022 ; Amin et al, 2022 ). However, as highlighted by some studies, this model is not suitable for second-order integrals because the results of the bound F statistic become invalid in the case of I (2; Alqahtani et al, 2020 ; Syed, 2021a , b ; Syed et al, 2021b , 2022 ; Bertsatos et al, 2022 ; Xia et al, 2022 ). Hence, this study used three different unit root tests, the DF-GLS test proposed by Elliot et al (1996) , Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) Dickey and Fuller (1981) , and Phillips and Perron (PP) Phillips and Perron (1988) to test variable integrals.…”
Section: Analysis Results and Interpretationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The appropriate method used in this study to analyze short- and long-term asymmetric relationships between variables is nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL). The NARDL model introduced by Shin et al (2014) works best when the variable integration order is in the level or first order and no variables belong to the second order integration ( Gaies et al, 2021 ; Ghosh and Parab, 2021 ; Xia et al, 2022 ). Moreover, bound testing approach employed later in the study as it provides the best results with small sample sizes ( Granger and Yoon, 2002 ; Narayan, 2005 ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An important moderating factor in the effects of high technology sectors on economic growth is higher vocational education. For a prosperous economic transition, the report recommends promoting higher vocational education and the equal development of high-tech industries [20].…”
Section: Higher Vocational Education and Its Rolementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The pivotal role of education in promoting economic growth is substantiated by a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model, revealing the significant contribution of secondary vocational education and training to long-term economic growth. This data-driven insight emphasizes the importance of fostering economic transition prosperity through the encouragement of higher vocational education, particularly in the context of high-tech industries [4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 96%