RETRACTED: A global network of marine protected areas for food

Cabral, Reniel B.; Bradley, Darcy; Mayorga, Juan; Goodell, Whitney; Friedlander, Alan M.; Sala, Enric; Costello, Christopher; Gaines, Steven D.

doi:10.1073/pnas.2000174117

Cited by 64 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…MPAs have shown much promise thus far, but there is room for improvement. Expanding current MPAs by 5% has been estimated to improve future fish stocks by as much as 20% (Cabral et al 2020). We believe that the implementation of long‐term managing programs can reduce local stressors.…”

Section: Immediate Action For Reef Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐ and Long‐Term Visions for Protecting Coral Reefs

Wilkins

Marín

Cziesielski

et al. 2021

Limnology & Oceanogr Bull

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Section: Immediate Action For Reef Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐ and Long‐Term Visions for Protecting Coral Reefs

Wilkins

Marín

Cziesielski

et al. 2021

Limnology & Oceanogr Bull

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“…The reinforcement of existing power asymmetries can manifest in ways that are not easily addressed simply by changing optimization targets. For example, algorithmic approaches to prioritizing high seas protection can readily set objectives to maximize food provisioning to EEZs via spillover rather than high seas fishing opportunities (5). These targets (objectives) do not directly reinforce power asymmetries in current BBNJ management negotiations.…”

Section: Power Asymmetriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the main purpose of this international treaty is to promote conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity, we are simultaneously entering the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) which aims to facilitate "global ocean science needed to support the sustainable development of our shared ocean" (2). In this context, scientists have proposed datadriven optimization algorithms (hereafter algorithmic approaches) to assist in maximizing the protection of BBNJ while considering specific economic costs and risks (3,4,5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting equity in scientific recommendations for high seas governance

Chapman¹,

Oestreich²,

Frawley³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In the coming months, international negotiations under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) will enter their fourth and final session to establish a legally binding agreement for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in one of our largest global commons, areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). In this context, scientists have proposed data-driven optimization algorithms (hereafter algorithmic approaches) to assist in maximizing the protection of BBNJ while considering specific economic costs and risks. Algorithmic approaches to global environmental issues are attractive and useful because of their capacity to integrate a wide scope of data and complex objectives into definitive policy suggestions. However, data-driven scientific recommendations at a global scale largely consider the costs and benefits of conservation action to only a subset of human actors, raising critical questions of equity and environmental justice that we must address as a scientific community. Here, we 1) highlight equity oversights in algorithmic approaches to BBNJ protection, including current disparities in both the data inputs and optimization targets of these approaches; and 2) propose ways in which current algorithmic approaches can be integrated into a broader and more inclusive prioritization process for the conservation and sustainable use of BBNJ. A more equitable path forward in scientific recommendations to BBNJ protection will require not only stepping away from rigid data-driven algorithmic approaches and towards approaches that integrate established social science methodologies, but also critical and continued engagement with environmental justice principles. By integrating powerful algorithmic approaches with tools from the conservation social sciences that allow for the consideration of diverse interests in this global treaty, scientists can help ensure that our greatest global commons is managed in a more equitable manner, not just for the values and benefit of a select powerful few.

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“…Their subsequent short and long-term impacts on CP incidences remain unknown. A pragmatic approach currently employed to mitigate human impacts on marine systems and to increase fisheries productivity [ 316 ] is to manage the fishery through various efforts such as the establishment of marine protected areas, or ‘no-take’ zones [ 317 , 318 , 319 ]. Harvest restrictions and marine reserves can also be a useful tool for protecting consumers from the consumption of CTX contaminated fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harvest restrictions and marine reserves can also be a useful tool for protecting consumers from the consumption of CTX contaminated fish. However, CTX distribution can be geospatially complex and harvesting at the ‘spillover’ borders of these protected areas (if they are not sufficiently large) [ 127 , 319 , 320 ] can potentially carry an increased CP risk [ 44 , 132 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciguatera Mini Review: 21st Century Environmental Challenges and the Interdisciplinary Research Efforts Rising to Meet Them

Loeffler

Tartaglione

Friedemann

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Globally, the livelihoods of over a billion people are affected by changes to marine ecosystems, both structurally and systematically. Resources and ecosystem services, provided by the marine environment, contribute nutrition, income, and health benefits for communities. One threat to these securities is ciguatera poisoning; worldwide, the most commonly reported non-bacterial seafood-related illness. Ciguatera is caused by the consumption of (primarily) finfish contaminated with ciguatoxins, potent neurotoxins produced by benthic single-cell microalgae. When consumed, ciguatoxins are biotransformed and can bioaccumulate throughout the food-web via complex pathways. Ciguatera-derived food insecurity is particularly extreme for small island-nations, where fear of intoxication can lead to fishing restrictions by region, species, or size. Exacerbating these complexities are anthropogenic or natural changes occurring in global marine habitats, e.g., climate change, greenhouse-gas induced physical oceanic changes, overfishing, invasive species, and even the international seafood trade. Here we provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century regarding the many facets of ciguatera, including the complex nature of this illness, the biological/environmental factors affecting the causative organisms, their toxins, vectors, detection methods, human-health oriented responses, and ultimately an outlook towards the future. Ciguatera research efforts face many social and environmental challenges this century. However, several future-oriented goals are within reach, including digital solutions for seafood supply chains, identifying novel compounds and methods with the potential for advanced diagnostics, treatments, and prediction capabilities. The advances described herein provide confidence that the tools are now available to answer many of the remaining questions surrounding ciguatera and therefore protection measures can become more accurate and routine.

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RETRACTED: A global network of marine protected areas for food

Cited by 64 publications

References 77 publications

Short‐ and Long‐Term Visions for Protecting Coral Reefs

Short‐ and Long‐Term Visions for Protecting Coral Reefs

Promoting equity in scientific recommendations for high seas governance

Ciguatera Mini Review: 21st Century Environmental Challenges and the Interdisciplinary Research Efforts Rising to Meet Them

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