Retracted: A meta‐analysis and theoretical critique of oxytocin and psychosis: Prospects for attachment and compassion in promoting recovery

Gumley, Andrew; Braehler, Christine; MacBeth, Angus

doi:10.1111/bjc.12041

Cited by 32 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Therefore, we need to find a treatment method that improves negative symptoms and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Oxytocin is a neuropeptide hormone that is produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland; this hormone modulates multiple social cognitive domains such as trust, attachment behavior, stress response, social memory, and the ability to recognize emotions and understand mental states [4,15,25]. Recent studies have found that intranasal oxytocin administered to normal human subjects increased perceived trustworthiness [10, 19,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of oxytocin augmentation therapy for schizophrenia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials

Oya

Matsuda

Matsunaga

et al. 2015

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and an updated and comprehensive meta-analysis of oxytocin augmentation therapy in patients with schizophrenia who received antipsychotic agents. Data published up to 07/11/2015 were obtained from PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of patients' data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oxytocin with placebo. Relative risk (RR), standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) based on the random-effects model were calculated. We included seven RCTs; the total sample size was 206 patients. Oxytocin was superior to placebo for decreasing the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) general subscale scores (SMD = -0.44, 95 % CI -0.82 to -0.06, p = 0.02, I (2) = 0 %, N = 4, n = 112); however, it was not different from placebo for total symptoms (SMD = -0.46, 95 % CI -1.20 to 0.28, p = 0.22, I (2) = 80 %, N = 6, n = 162), positive symptoms (SMD = -0.18, 95 % CI -0.87 to 0.51, p = 0.60, I (2) = 81 %, N = 6, n = 192), and negative symptoms (SMD = -0.34, 95 % CI -0.76 to 0.08, p = 0.12, I (2) = 55 %, N = 7, n = 214). However, a sensitivity analysis including only oxytocin administration on consecutive days studies was superior to placebo in negative symptoms (SMD = -0.44, 95 % CI -0.87 to -0.01, p = 0.04, I (2) = 51 %, N = 6 n = 192). There were no significant differences for all-cause discontinuation (RR = 1.02) and individual side effects such as headache and dizziness between oxytocin and placebo. Oxytocin may improve PANSS general subscale scores in schizophrenia and seems to be well tolerated. However, because the number of studies in the current analysis was small, further study will be required using larger sample sizes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of oxytocin augmentation therapy for schizophrenia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials

Oya

Matsuda

Matsunaga

et al. 2015

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…Self-criticism is a defensive response to deal with feelings of shame (Gilbert, 2010), and although no other studies assessed selfcriticism, decreases in shame and self-criticism are essential in recovery and relapse prevention according to the social mentalities model for psychosis (Gumley et al, 2010). Furthermore, relapse has been associated with greater feelings of self-blame and shame (Gumley et al, 2006); therefore, intervention should focus on the activation of the safeness system (Gumley et al, 2010), which is essential for stress reduction and promotion of social bonding and affiliative behaviours (Gumley, Braehler, & Macbeth, 2014;Gumley, Taylor, Schwannauer, & Macbeth, 2014).…”

Section: Participantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia: An Exploration of an Acceptance, Mindfulness, and Compassion‐based Group Intervention

Martins

Castilho

Santos

et al. 2017

Australian Psychologist

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Objective: This study aimed to develop and apply a brief (five-session) group-based intervention called Compassionate, Mindful and Accept-ing approach to Psychosis (CMAP) for patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Methods: The intervention was based on three major approaches: the mindfulness framework adapted for psychosis with the proposed modifications for meditation work, the rationales from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and What is already known on this topic1 Contextual therapies aim at developing a more flexible response and more useful self-others and self-self relationships rather than eliminating symptoms.2 Acceptance, mindfulness, and compassion-based therapies for psychosis have shown promising results in several outcomes.3 To our knowledge, only one integrated treatment combining CAM exists and found promising results regarding acceptability, self-regulation, and affective symptoms. What this topic adds1 This study aimed at developing a brief and easy to implement intervention based on acceptance, mindfulness, and compassion for schizophrenia.2 Understanding of acceptability in sample of five patients: intervention seemed acceptable with subjective improvement of difficulties and coping.3 Potential benefits of this approach are illustrated through the results of two case studies: improvement in paranoid conviction and acting with awareness.Contextual cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT; Hayes, Villatte, Levin, & Hildebrandt, 2011) emerged as a response to criticisms of the cognitive behaviour therapy model, where the function, not content per se, of internal events (including thoughts and images) were regarded as key to

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“…At each testing session, 40 IU of oxytocin (Novartis, Switzerland) was self-administered intranasally by alternating insufflations every 20 s between nostrils. This dose of oxytocin has been used in previous clinical trials of oxytocin in schizophrenia (Gumley et al, 2014). Mean time from drug administration to olfactory testing was 139 min (SD = 19 min, range: 111-206 min).…”

Section: Design and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies link oxytocin signaling in the olfactory bulb with olfactory and social functions. Finally, there is growing evidence that oxytocin administration to patients with schizophrenia improves emotion recognition and higher-level social cognition and decreases both positive and negative symptoms (Gumley et al, 2014). Additionally, a recent study that administered 20 IU of oxytocin or placebo twice daily for three weeks to patients with schizophrenia found that oxytocin improved patients' ability to identify pleasant, but not neutral or unpleasant odors (Lee et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin administration selectively improves olfactory detection thresholds for lyral in patients with schizophrenia

Woolley

Lam

Chuang

et al. 2015

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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SummaryBackground-Olfaction plays an important role in mammalian social behavior. Olfactory deficits are common in schizophrenia and correlate with negative symptoms and low social drive. Despite their prominence and possible clinical relevance, little is understood about the pathological mechanisms underlying olfactory deficits in schizophrenia and there are currently no effective treatments for these deficits. The prosocial neuropeptide oxytocin may affect the olfactory system when administered intranasally to humans and there is growing interest in its therapeutic potential in schizophrenia.Methods-To examine this model, we administered 40 IU of oxytocin and placebo intranasally to 31 patients with a schizophrenia spectrum illness and 34 age-matched healthy control participants in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. On each test day, participants completed an olfactory detection threshold test for two different odors: (1) lyral, a synthetic fragrance compound for which patients with schizophrenia have specific olfactory detection threshold deficits, possibly related to decreased cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling; and (2) anise, a compound for which olfactory detection thresholds change with menstrual cycle phase in women.Results-On the placebo test day, patients with schizophrenia did not significantly differ from healthy controls in detection of either odor. We found that oxytocin administration significantly and selectively improved olfactory detection thresholds for lyral but not for anise in patients with schizophrenia. In contrast, oxytocin had no effect on detection of either odor in healthy controls. ContributorsJosh Woolley designed the study and supervised all data collection and analysis and manuscript writing. Olivia Lam helped manage various aspects of the study including data collection and recruitment of participants and assisted with manuscript writing. Brandon Chuang assisted with data collection, data management, statistical analyses, and manuscript writing. Judith Ford consulted with the team about data analysis and helped edit the manuscript. Dan H. Mathalon assisted with study design and data analysis. Sophia Vinogradov assisted with study design and data analysis. All authors contributed to and have approved the final manuscript. Conflict of interest statementDan Mathalon is a consultant to Bristol Myers Squibb Inc. Sophia Vinogradov is a consultant to Brain Plasticity Institute. The remaining authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs VA Author ManuscriptVA Author Manuscript VA Author ManuscriptDiscussion-Our data indicate that oxytocin administration may ameliorate olfactory deficits in schizophrenia and suggest the effects of intranasal oxytocin may extend to influencing the olfactory system. Given that oxytocin has been found to increase cAMP signaling in vitro a possible mechanism for these effects is discussed.

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Retracted: A meta‐analysis and theoretical critique of oxytocin and psychosis: Prospects for attachment and compassion in promoting recovery

Cited by 32 publications

References 94 publications

Efficacy and safety of oxytocin augmentation therapy for schizophrenia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials

Efficacy and safety of oxytocin augmentation therapy for schizophrenia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials

Schizophrenia: An Exploration of an Acceptance, Mindfulness, and Compassion‐based Group Intervention

Oxytocin administration selectively improves olfactory detection thresholds for lyral in patients with schizophrenia

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