As the cradle of cultivating and conveying talents, colleges and universities should innovate the education of ideological and political courses under the background of “Internet+”, focusing on cultivating students’ cultural self-confidence. This paper first explains blockchain-related technology in Internet technology, including the basic principle and structure of blockchain, the consistency Hash algorithm, the consensus mechanism and the credit mechanism of blockchain. Secondly, it discusses the fit between the blockchain and the cultural teaching mechanism of the Civics course, through which blockchain technology can effectively realize the interactive sharing of the cultural teaching resources of the Civics course. Based on the blockchain technology and MVC network structure, an interactive model of cultural teaching resources for Civic and Political Science courses is constructed, which further improves the way students access cultural teaching resources. Finally, a simulation test is conducted to evaluate the interactivity of the cultural teaching resources in the Civics and Political Science course and the effectiveness of the model. The results show that the average write bandwidth of the consistent Hash algorithm is 756.68MBps, and the average read bandwidth is 215.42MBps, and when the total amount of data exceeds 64GB, the relative standard deviation of the Hash algorithm decreases to about 0.15% and remains stable. The cultural teaching mechanism of the Civics course with the introduction of blockchain technology is based on a digital platform, and when the number of network nodes is 150, the delay of the consensus mechanism is 236.73ms, and the throughput reaches about 98 data interactions per second. The cultural teaching mechanism of the Civics and Politics course in the background of the Internet needs to be based on digitization, fully combining with information technology to realize the common construction and sharing of cultural teaching resources and cultivate new-age talents with higher cultural self-confidence for the development of society.