RETRACTED ARTICLE: ArticleNoteExploration of non-edible palm kernel oil as a potential heat transfer fluid for higher temperature applications

Ramasamy, P; Beemkumar, N.; Ganesan, S.; Devarajan, Yuvarajan; Mishra, Ruby

doi:10.1007/s13399-021-02048-x

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Transparent microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, but nanoemulsions are just kinetically stable. Approaching thermodynamic stability refers to the physical stability of nanoemulsions over an extended period without apparent flocculation or coalescence. − …”

Section: Nanoadditivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, HC emissions decreased with ethanol-blended gasoline blends at 50% load for all concentrations. HC emissions were reduced at all concentrations of more than 70% load. − The cooling effects and the O 2 content of alcohols were two of the primary attributes of the experiments. − Lu et al used bioethanol in a direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine and reported decreased NO x emissions but increased ignition latency. Moreover, research was conducted on the influence of ethanol addition on soybean oil, castor oil, and biodiesel made from soybean and castor oil (7–15% by volume).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical Review on Effects of Alcohols and Nanoadditives on Performance and Emission in Low-Temperature Combustion Engines: Advances and Perspectives

Babu¹,

Devarajan

Sathiyamoorthi³

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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This work reviews the numerous key parameters of each alcohol and their effect on CI engine characteristics. The second part of the review emphasizes the effect of nanoadditive addition on diesel and biodiesel owing to their physical and chemical features. A more detailed evaluation of the influence of nanoadditives on diesel engine behavior was done when diesel and biodiesel were doped at varying doses. According to the review, alcohols with a greater carbon concentration, such as butanol and pentanol, have superior miscibility and stability versus alcohols with lesser carbon elements. Additionally, the lower cooling impact and autoignition capability generated by high-alcohol concentrations would make this the optimum additive formulation for usage with diesel fuel. Nanoparticles have been added to fuels used in diesel engines to improve performance and reduce emissions in recent years. The utilization and preparation of fossil-based fuels increase environmental-related issues. Different nanomaterials assorted with fuels for compression ignition (CI) engines and their effects are reviewed in this work. Nanomaterials added to pure diesel and blends of diesel and biodiesel are considered for the study. The physiochemical properties of different fuels with nanoadditives are summarized. Performance characteristics such as brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) are analyzed and compared for various fuel and nanoadditives combinations. Combustion characteristics and mass fraction burned are investigated. The values of various emissions from the engines fuelled with different combinations are examined. Among the various fuels and nanoadditives studied, 100 ppm TiO2 added diesel consumes the lowest BSFC of 0.3 kg/kWh. Hurdles faced in the current utilization of nanoadditives in diesel engines and the scope for future research are also highlighted.

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Section: Nanoadditivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review on Effects of Alcohols and Nanoadditives on Performance and Emission in Low-Temperature Combustion Engines: Advances and Perspectives

Babu¹,

Devarajan

Sathiyamoorthi³

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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“…Delta T with open system distributor higher than closed system distributor this signifies the separation of vapor does help in improving delta T (Devarajan et al., 2022). It will allow liquid refrigerant only to distribute over tube bundle beneath the distributor in evaporator shell (Ramasamy et al., 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The approach is the difference between evaporator leaving water temperature and evaporator saturated refrigerant temperature. Two evaporators of the same capacity, number of tubes, and dimensions except for the distribution mechanism in the distributor are measured (Ramasamy et al., 2021). Readings for both the evaporator are measured at various heat fluxes from 14 to 22.9 kW/m 2 (Exhibit 8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on the effect of liquid phase and vapor phase separation over performance of falling film evaporator

Anjankar

Lakade

Padalkar

et al. 2022

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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Energy, cost, and environmental concerns play a vital role in understanding governing parameters of distributor design in falling film evaporators. Distributor design is a hidden parameter in many experimental papers. The uniform distribution of liquid refrigerant over the tube bundle mostly depends on two‐phase liquid refrigerant and vapor refrigerant. This work conducted experiments with two distribution systems with and without separation of liquid‐vapor refrigerant after expansion valve for the same evaporator capacity with R134a as a refrigerant. Results reveal that; separating vapor refrigerant has a positive impact on the approach of the evaporator with an open system distributor arrangement. The highest delta T and lowest practice are found at a heat flux of 13.97 kW/m2 with an available system distributor compared to a closed system with a heat flux of 14.25 kW/m2. The open system arrangement in the distributor is the novel parameter for distributor design, ensuring uniform distribution with minimum pressure drop and dry suction. An open system distributor has an average 16.1% capacity increase over a closed system. The experimental analysis helps to understand different parameters for the design of distributors in falling film evaporators for uniform distribution.

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“…Butanol aided better atomization, effective combustion for P20Bu5D75, P20Bu10D70. 38 Equivalent outcomes in CO emissions were noted from work made by Devarajan et al 17 , Yilmaz et al 29 and Atmanli et al 32 Smoke emissions at 100% load for PDME20, P20Bu5D75, P20Bu10D70 and diesel are 60, 58.4, 56.1 and 63.4% correspondingly.…”

Section: Smoke Opacity Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Investigations of combustion, performance, and emission characteristics in a diesel engine fueled with Prunus domestica methyl ester and n‐butanol blends

Nalla

Devarajan

Ganesan

et al. 2022

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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The chief objective of this study is to utilize non‐edible, carbon‐rich oil derived from Prunus domestica seeds as blended fuel. The combustion efficiency of derived blends shall further be enhanced by blending higher alcohol into biodiesel/diesel blends. This work details the impact of effectively utilizing waste and non‐edible oil to replace fossil fuels partially. In this study, the P. domestica is trans‐esterified to methyl ester and blended with diesel at 20%. Further to enhance the ignition nature, butanol, higher alcohol, is blended to P. domestica biodiesel/diesel blends at 5% and 10%. The ignition pattern of the modified fuels is extensively studied and compared with diesel in a stationary research diesel engine. This study involves four fuel samples, namely, neat P. domestica methyl ester and is termed PDME. 20% of PDME is blended with 80% diesel is referred to as PDME20. 20% of PDME with 5% n‐butanol and 75% diesel is termed PDME20Bu5D75, 20% of PDME with 10% n‐butanol and 70% diesel is termed as PDME20Bu10D70 and diesel. Addition of PDME and butanol at different blends found miscible with diesel. PDME and butanol provided a suitable time for reaction and mixing, complete combustion, higher O2 content, and rich fuel‐air mixture, resulting in lower emissions than diesel. Further, butanol aided better atomization, effective combustion and resulted in higher efficiency with lower fuel consumption. Adding butanol also lowered the viscosity and improved the mixing process, and produced better in‐cylinder pressure and heat release rate.

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: ArticleNoteExploration of non-edible palm kernel oil as a potential heat transfer fluid for higher temperature applications

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Critical Review on Effects of Alcohols and Nanoadditives on Performance and Emission in Low-Temperature Combustion Engines: Advances and Perspectives

Critical Review on Effects of Alcohols and Nanoadditives on Performance and Emission in Low-Temperature Combustion Engines: Advances and Perspectives

Experimental investigation on the effect of liquid phase and vapor phase separation over performance of falling film evaporator

Investigations of combustion, performance, and emission characteristics in a diesel engine fueled with Prunus domestica methyl ester and n‐butanol blends

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