Retracted Article: Black mesoporous anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoleaves: a high capacity and high rate anode for aqueous Al-ion batteries

He, Ying; Peng, Jun; Chu, Wei; Li, Yuan Zhi; Tong, Dong Ge

doi:10.1039/c3ta13906a

Cited by 179 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Therefore, anatase TiO 2 storage systems could in principle perform better with Al 3+ than Li + ion, respectively. As stated in [38,57,58] Al 3+ ion can be inserted/extracted into/from anatase TiO 2 without any electrode volume changes which is related to its stable host structure. This process is associated with the presence of chloride ions that come from the electrolyte.…”

Section: Anatase Titanium Dioxide (Tio 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[54][55][56] Anatase TiO 2 as an electrode material can exist in different shapes that differ in performance, preparation and stability. The most promising include anatase TiO 2 nanotube arrays (TiO 2 -NTAs), [38,57] TiO 2 nanoleaves [58] and TiO 2 nanofibers. [59,60] The nanostructure and the surface area of these materials are crucial in order to perform well.…”

Section: Anatase Titanium Dioxide (Tio 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in Aluminium‐Based Intercalation Batteries

Ambrož

Macdonald

Nann

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

203

144

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energy, [4] large scale and portable energy storage becomes increasingly more important. Therefore, continued research into high-performing alternatives, which will meet the increased demand is imperative. A common way of evaluating potential alternatives for Li-based batteries involves calculating the theoretical specific capacity of potential candidates and comparing these results with other figures of merit. This reasoning leads to the conclusion that metals in the upper left corner of the periodic table are more interesting than the others. Table 1 shows these calculations together with some other parameters for common metal anodes.A second important parameter when searching for potential battery materials is the oxidation potential of the anode, where lower (less noble) is better. Comparing these parameters for the metals listed in Table 1 shows immediately that Li is one of the most promising candidates, but rare. The second most promising metal is aluminium (Al), which has a relatively high standard oxidation potential. Heavier metals and those in higher groups show much worse performance indicators. Nevertheless, this method of evaluation has to be considered with caution, because it is based on numerous assumptions. Such as, that the anode is oxidized during the charging/discharging process, which is not true for many practical systems.The literature on non-Li based intercalation batteries is clearly dominated by sodium (Na), [9,10] magnesium (Mg) [11,12] and Al [13] systems that are all more abundant natural elements than Li. There are few examples of potassium (K) [14] and (Ca), [15] which coincides clearly with the trend observed in Table 1 (as mentioned above, low performing "candidates" have been omitted in this table). Great efforts are aimed at these alternatives to improve capacity, power and cycles. Comparing Na-ion with Li-ion batteries, the common feature is a monovalent ion that can be inserted/extracted into/from the electrode material. Here, only one charge transfer takes place in contrast to Mg-ion, Ca-ion or Al-ion where two and three charges are involved in redox reactions respectively. As a result of multielectron reactions, higher specific capacity and energy density may be obtained. A key issue in order for multivalent ion insertion to be feasible is the electrode material that has to allow ion mobility.In this review, electrode materials for Al-ion batteries, namely different cathodes are discussed. Furthermore, their performance is compared highlighting drawbacks and advantages of every material.Over the last decade, optimizing energy storage has become significantly important in the field of energy conversion and sustainability. As a result of immense progress in the field, cost-effective and high performance batteries are imperative to meeting the future demand of sustainability. Currently, the best performing batteries are lithium-ion based, but limited lithium (Li) resources make research into alternatives essential. In recent years, the performance of aluminium-ion batteries ha...

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Section: Anatase Titanium Dioxide (Tio 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anatase Titanium Dioxide (Tio 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Aluminium‐Based Intercalation Batteries

Ambrož

Macdonald

Nann

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

203

144

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“…The broad response in the mentioned range of the FTIR spectrum appears to be characteristic of the anatase structure. [34,35] This shows that the almost XRDamorphous structure, with only weak indication of crystalline domains, is in the state of the initially created mainly anatase structure.…”

Section: The Structure and Surface Appearance Of The Synthesized Matementioning

confidence: 99%

TiO2 From Colloidal Dispersion as Support in Pt/TiO2 Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Applications

Košević¹,

Šekularac²,

Živković³

et al. 2017

Croat. Chem. Acta

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TiO2 powder was synthesized by a forced hydrolysis process and used for the synthesis of Pt/TiO2 composite that is to be foreseen as an advanced electrode material. Pt was incorporated into the synthesized TiO2 from a Pt colloidal dispersion as a precursor prepared by a microwave-assisted polyol process. Physicochemical properties of TiO2 and TiO2-supported Pt were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and X-ray spectroscopy and diffraction techniques. The properties of Pt/TiO2 composite are correlated to the basic voltammetric response of its thin-layer form. It was found that subsequent thermal treatment of synthesized TiO2, which caused crystallization into mainly rutile phase, is required for appropriate Pt incorporation. Although being appropriately loaded by Pt, and the voltammetric response is typical for Pt-based material, the voltammetry of Pt/TiO2 corresponded to much lower loadings. The possibility for Pt particles to be trapped inside TiO2 agglomerates is indicated. The catalyst usage from the synthesized Pt/TiO2 was found quite moderate due to this trapping.

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“…The capacity is considerably lower than would be expected from an intercalation electrode. The theoretical capacity of TiO 2 is 335 mA h g −1 assuming intercalation proceeds according to reaction 1 [11], where 0 < x < 1∕3since charge capacity is likely limited by the Ti 4+ /Ti 3+ couple. This suggests Al 3+ surface adsorption to be the most likely charge storage mechanism.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only three electrode materials, anatase TiO 2 , copper-hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF), and aerogel V 2 O 5 , have been shown to allow the reversible intercalation of Al 3+ in aqueous electrolytes [11][12][13][14][15][16]. The most successful negative electrode was black-anatase TiO 2 , reported by He et al [11] that produced a high capacity of 270 mAh g −1 , in 1 mol dm −3 Al(NO 3 ) 3 , although only 300 cycles were reported. CuHCF was shown by Liu et al to give a capacity of 41 mAh g −1 at 400 mA g −1 in 0.5 mol dm −3 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An aluminium battery operating with an aqueous electrolyte

et al. 2018

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Aluminium is an attractive active material for battery systems due to its abundance, low cost, a gravimetric energy density of 2.98 Ah g −1 (c.f. lithium 3.86 Ah g −1 ) and a volumetric energy density of 8.04 Ah cm −3 (c.f. lithium 2.06 Ah cm −3 ). An aqueous electrolyte-based aluminium-ion cell is described using TiO 2 nanopowder as the negative electrode, CuHCF (copper-hexacyanoferrate) as the positive electrode and an electrolyte consisting of 1 mol dm −3 AlCl 3 and 1 mol dm −3 KCl. Voltammetric and galvanostatic analyses have shown that the discharge voltage is circa 1.5 V. Both a single-cell and 2-cell battery are demonstrated using 10 cm 2 electrodes and 126 and 256 mg total active material for the 1-cell and 2-cell batteries, respectively. The single cell exhibits an energy density of circa 15 mW h g −1 (combined positive and negative electrode masses) at a power density of 300 mW g −1 with energy efficiency remaining above 70% for over 1750 cycles. Initial characterisation shows that charge storage is due to the presence of Al 3+ . Cell capacity is circa 10 mA h g −1 and operates with a discharge voltage of circa 1.5 V (efficiency > 80% at 20C charge/discharge rate). Graphical AbstractKeyword Aqueous aluminium ion battery

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Retracted Article: Black mesoporous anatase TiO₂ nanoleaves: a high capacity and high rate anode for aqueous Al-ion batteries

Abstract: Black mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanoleaves with electro-conducting Ti3+ exhibits excellent Al3+ storage performance, rate capability and cycling stability.

Cited by 179 publications

References 66 publications

Trends in Aluminium‐Based Intercalation Batteries

Trends in Aluminium‐Based Intercalation Batteries

TiO2 From Colloidal Dispersion as Support in Pt/TiO2 Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Applications

An aluminium battery operating with an aqueous electrolyte

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Retracted Article: Black mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanoleaves: a high capacity and high rate anode for aqueous Al-ion batteries

Abstract: Black mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanoleaves with electro-conducting Ti3+ exhibits excellent Al3+ storage performance, rate capability and cycling stability.

Cited by 179 publications

References 66 publications

Trends in Aluminium‐Based Intercalation Batteries

Trends in Aluminium‐Based Intercalation Batteries

TiO2 From Colloidal Dispersion as Support in Pt/TiO2 Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Applications

An aluminium battery operating with an aqueous electrolyte

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Product

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About

Retracted Article: Black mesoporous anatase TiO₂ nanoleaves: a high capacity and high rate anode for aqueous Al-ion batteries