RETRACTED ARTICLE: Bone turnover markers in children and adolescents with environmentally determined short stature, living in the oil and gas processing region

Methods improvement for diagnostics and treatment of inflammatory diseases in the temporomandibular joint

“…For its part, in their joint study, the team of authors represented by Tarasov et al (2016) addressed the fact that upon diagnosing TMJ diseases, apart from anamnestic data and physical examination, it is advisable to use instrumental methods of diagnostics: Schuller’s view, Mayer’s view; it is also recommended to use zonography, ultrasonography, X-ray computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Morphological changes in TMJ detected by instrumental methods include erosion of the articular surface (up to 31% of cases), flattening of the condylar process surfaces of the mandible and glenoid fossa (up to 77% of cases), subchondral cysts and osteophytes (up to 77% of cases) ( Zhumalina et al, 2020 ).…”

Overview of Traditional and Environmental Factors Related to Bone Health

“…There is more knowledge about healthcare in urban areas, including better nutrition (milk, dairy products, and vitamin D and Ca supplements intake) and higher income, which contribute to better access to these nutritional products, whereas physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption are more common in rural areas (Gu et al 2007). On the other hand, environmental factors such as exposure to compounds related to industrial emissions, automotive exhaust, metals, waste, and many other toxicants generated in urban areas are also related to bone tumors in children (Garcfa-Pérez et al 2017); also, a delay of 2-2.5 years in their bone development compared with their peers, a deficiency in BMD and vitamin D, and some serum bone turnover markers such as osteocalcin, B-cross laps, and procollagen type I N propeptide (PINP) in adolescents have been reported in urban zones (Zhumalina et al 2020).…”

“…Bone metabolism and turnover markers to detect bone loss signs and predict the risk of fractures are an alternative and supportive method to evaluate bone health (Zhumalina et al 2020). As observed in studies of adult populations, a negative association between bone turnover markers and bone status has been established.…”

“…Nevertheless, bone parameters used to establish reference values represent a challenge and can vary significantly. The différences in values of bone mineral density (BMD, the amount of bone minerals [calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P)] contained in a certain volume of bone [g/cm2]), bone mineral content (BMC, bone mineral amount found in a specific area [g]), and concentrations of bone turnover biomarkers depend on factors such as the measurement site, ethnicity, age, gender, and anthropometry, among others (Zhumalina et al 2020).…”