RETRACTED ARTICLE: CD109 Mediates Cell Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Abstract

CD109 promoted HCC proliferation and predicted poor prognosis. In addition, CD109 expression was associated with anti-apoptosis in HCC cells.

CD109: a multifunctional GPI‐anchored protein with key roles in tumor progression and physiological homeostasis

“…4). [14][15][16][17][18][19]41,42 A controversial exception is urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder, where CD109 expression inversely correlated with poor prognosis in patients in our study (Table 1). 40 Conversely, there was no significant difference in prognosis between CD109-high and -low patients with SCCs (Table 1 and Fig.…”

“…Previous reports (Table ) and our analyses using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (http://cancergenome.nih.gov/) demonstrate that patients with higher expression of CD109 (CD109‐high) have a significantly worse prognosis than those with lower expression of CD109 (CD109‐low) in various malignant tumors, such as those associated with glioma, glioblastoma, breast ductal carcinoma, lung, gastric, colorectal, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas, as well as urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder, hepatocellular carcinoma, epithelioid sarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (Table and Fig. ) . A controversial exception is urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder, where CD109 expression inversely correlated with poor prognosis in patients in our study (Table ) .…”

“…We previously reported that CD109‐deficient mice exhibit epidermal hyperplasia in skin and osteopenia in bone, suggesting possible CD109‐related physiological functions in vivo. Although previous studies report CD109 expression in various malignant tumors and correlation with prognosis in patients harboring a malignant tumor, such as a glioblastoma or lung adenocarcinoma, its roles in human disease remain largely unknown. In this review, we describe our views and perspectives on the significance of CD109 in malignant tumors and provide a description of our recent studies showing the involvement of CD109 in skin and bone‐tissue homeostasis in CD109‐deficient mice.…”

“…High levels of CD109 expression have been detected in various tumor‐cell lines and tumor tissues, including those associated with squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the lung, esophagus, uterus, and oral cavity, adenocarcinomas of the lung and pancreas, breast cancer, glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder, and several types of sarcomas (Table ) . Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses revealed elevated CD109 expression on tumor cells (Fig.…”

“…Although CD109 expression is significantly higher in lower-grade SCCs or urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder relative to that in higher-grade SCCs or urothelial carcinomas, respectively, 20,24,[26][27][28]40 its expression is significantly higher in higher-grade glioma, ductal carcinoma of the breast, nonsmall cell carcinomas of the lung, hepatocellular carcinoma, epithelioid sarcoma, and myxofibrosarcoma as compared with that in lower-grade tumors, respectively. 14,[16][17][18]35,41 Additionally, CD109 expression in normal tissues is strictly controlled and specifically occurs in myoepithelial cells of the mammary, lacrimal, salivary, and bronchial glands, basal cells of the prostate and bronchial epithelia and epidermis, seminiferous tubules of testis, and osteoblasts and…”