RETRACTED ARTICLE: Comparison of the sagittal profiles among thoracic idiopathic scoliosis patients with different Cobb angles and growth potentials

Abstract

BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that pelvic incidence and sacral slope are significantly greater in idiopathic scoliosis patients compared with normal adolescents. However, whether these sagittal parameters are related to the progression of scoliosis remain unknown. The present was designed to determine the differences in the sagittal profiles among thoracic idiopathic scoliosis patients with different potentials for curve progression.MethodsNinety-seven outpatient idiopathic scoliosis patients enrolled from June 2008 to June 2011 were divided to three groups according to different Cobb angles and growth potentials: (1) non-progression of thoracic curve group, Risser sign of 5 and Cobb’s angle < 40°; (2) moderate progression of thoracic curve group, Risser sign of 5 and Cobb’s angle ≥ 40°; and (3) severe progression of thoracic curve group, Risser sign ≤ 3 and Cobb’s angle ≥ 40°. All patients underwent whole spinal anteroposterior and lateral X-ray in standing position, and the sagittal parameters were measured, including thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic incidence, and pelvic tilt.ResultsThe average thoracic scoliosis Cobb’s angle in the non-progression group was significantly less than that in the moderate progression group (P < 0.01) and severe progression group (P < 0.01), but there was no statistical difference in the average thoracic scoliosis Cobb’s angle between the severe progression group and moderate progression group. The average thoracic kyphosis angle in the severe progression group (9° ± 4°) was significantly smaller than that in the non-progression group (18° ± 6°, P < 0.01) and moderate progression group (14° ± 5°, P < 0.05). No statistical differences were present in the average lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic incidence, and pelvic tilt among the three groups.ConclusionsThoracic hypokyphosis is strongly related with the curve progression in thoracic idiopathic scoliosis patients, but not pelvic sagittal profiles.

Retraction Note: Comparison of the sagittal profiles among thoracic idiopathic scoliosis patients with different Cobb angles and growth potentials

“…The Publisher and Editor regretfully retract this article [ 1 ] because the peer-review process was inappropriately influenced and compromised. As a result, the scientific integrity of the article cannot be guaranteed.…”

Erratum: comparison of the sagittal profiles among thoracic idiopathic scoliosis patients with different Cobb angles and growth potentials

“…After publication of this work [ 1 ], we noted that we inadvertently failed to include the complete list of all co-authors, and they were not listed in the correct order. In addition, we have provided updated Authors’ Contributions and Competing interests sections.…”

The effect of hypokyphosis on the biomechanical behavior of the adolescent thoracic spine

“…The loading asymmetry on the thorax and spinal structures, generating an asymmetry in bone growth, is defended by some authors [34,26,39,35]. Others suggest that changes in the sagittal profile in the spines of children and adolescents may be considered a risk factor for the onset and progression of AIS [5,25,29].…”

“…Willner and Johnson [42] demonstrated a reduction in the kyphotic arch in the period from 10 to 12 years of age. A significant reduction in kyphosis, called hypokyphosis, occurs early in progressive scoliosis, in contrast to non-progressive scoliosis [29]. Furthermore, radiological, biomechanical, and post-mortem research related to the pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis indicates that many normal children have biplanar asymmetry that overlaps during body growth [6].…”