RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of trade on ecological quality: a case of D-8 countries

Ahmed, Khalid; Öztürk, İlhan; Ghumro, Ikhtiar Ali; Mukesh, Pirih

doi:10.1007/s11356-019-06520-0

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Moreover, none of the monotonic, quadratic, or cubic effects of economic growth on natural consumption and hydroelectricity consumptions could be validated. This conclusion of the non-existence of EEKC is in line with the results of other EKC studies conducted in Egypt, which could not establish any inverted U-shaped or N-shaped relationship between economic growth and pollution emissions [ 25 , 28 , 31 , 73 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Hence, some evidence of mixed order of integration is found. However, cointegration analyses with this problem can be applied, as ARDL is efficient in the mixed order of integration in the model [ 73 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study found the EKC in all investigated countries. Using data from 1980–2014, Ahmed et al [ 73 ] investigated the EKC in eight developing countries, including Egypt. The estimations corroborated the EKC in the panel and five out of eight counties’ time series results.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have also considered the possible N-shaped relationship between energy variables and economic growth [ 14 , 15 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. In the context of Egypt, literature has investigated the EKC in a relationship between pollutant emissions and economic growth [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 72 , 73 ]. However, the testing of the EEKC is absent in Egyptian literature, which motivates us to investigate N-shaped EEKC in the relationship between different sources of energy consumption and economic growth.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Testing the Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in the Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Consumption Models in Egypt

Mahmood

Alkhateeb

Tanveer

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) association between income and pollution emissions proxies has been extensively tested in the environmental literature. However, testing of the energy-EKC is scanty. This present research examined the energy–EKC in the cubic relationship of economic growth and different renewable and nonrenewable energy proxies in Egypt from 1965–2019. In the long run, we corroborate the N-shaped relationships in the case of primary energy, oil, and coal consumption models, and confirm the long run energy–EKC association in these energy proxies. Moreover, we find turning points of the N-curve for these energy sources in 1998, 2000, and 1979–2005, in primary energy, oil, and coal consumption models, respectively. Hence, economic growth is responsible for increasing nonrenewable energy consumption and has environmental consequences in Egypt. In the short run, we find N-shaped relationships in the case of primary energy, oil, and coal consumption. Further, we find an inverted U-shaped relationship in the case of natural gas consumption. In addition, we corroborate an inverted N-shaped relationship in the case of hydroelectricity consumption, a renewable energy source. Hence, we confirm the short-run energy–EKC relationship in all investigated renewable and nonrenewable energy proxies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Testing the Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in the Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Consumption Models in Egypt

Mahmood

Alkhateeb

Tanveer

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These findings are different from some other conclusions. For example, Ahmed et al [31] employed the annual panel data from eight developing countries between 1980 and 2014, and the study showed that exports are a significant factor in CE. The CE embodied in China's international trade from 1997 to 2007 was estimated in another study [32], and the researchers found about 10.03-26.54% of China's CE was generated in the export manufacturing process, while the imports only accounted for 440-905% CE.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Impact of International Trade on Carbon Emissions: New Evidence from China’s 282 Cities

Wang

2021

Sustainability

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Carbon emissions (CE) reduction has been an important measure to control global warming. With the deepening of internationalization, the import and export trade can have a significant influence on CE. In this study, the panel data of 282 cities in China from 2003 to 2016 were employed, and linear regression analysis with fixed effects, feasible generalized least squares and Driscoll–Kraay estimators were performed to assess the separate impacts of import and export trade on CE. The results show that there is a positive correlation between imports and CE, while the relationship is contrary for exports. The panel threshold regression method was further used for regression, and it found that there was one threshold value for gross domestic product (GDP) and two threshold values for gross industrial output (GIO) in the model. According to the division of threshold value, the impact of import trade on CE will turn from positive to negative, while the impact of export trade on reducing CE will be further enhanced. The structure of China’s import and export trade are used to illustrate the underlying mechanism of the different effects. For controlling CE in international trade, China should import more high-tech products to upgrade high-emission industries, and reduce the proportion of labor-intensive products exported.

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Carbon emissions, import, and export: a spatial econometric analysis of the Chinese cities

Wang

2023

Environ Dev Sustain

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of trade on ecological quality: a case of D-8 countries

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Testing the Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in the Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Consumption Models in Egypt

Testing the Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in the Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Consumption Models in Egypt

Exploring the Impact of International Trade on Carbon Emissions: New Evidence from China’s 282 Cities

Carbon emissions, import, and export: a spatial econometric analysis of the Chinese cities

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