Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors
carried out the whole reaction
process in the same solution, which would limit the sensitivity and
selectivity of detection in the sensing system. Herein, we reported
a promising new cathode–anode spatial division PEC platform
based on the two-electrode synergistic enhancement strategy. With
the photoanode and photocathode integrated in the same current circuit,
the platform exhibited an increased photocurrent response, as well
as an improved anti-interference ability led by separating the two
electrodes spatially. In this proposal, red light-driven AgInS2 nanoparticles (NPs) served as the photoanode to build biometric
steps and amplify the signal, whereas p-type PbS quantum dots were
selected as the photocathode to increase the signal. With the participation
of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) labeled on Au NPs–DNA, ascorbic
acid 2-phosphate was catalyzed to produce ascorbic acid as an electron
donor, resulting in the enhancement of the PEC signal. Interestingly,
in the presence of miRNA-21 and T7 Exo, the one-step DNA walker amplification
can be triggered to reduce the PEC signal by releasing ALP-Au NP–DNA.
The constructed PEC biosensor exhibited a detection limit of as low
as 3.4 fM for miRNA-21, which was expected to be applied to early
clinical diagnosis. Also, we believe that the proposed cathode–anode
spatial division PEC platform can open up a new view for the establishment
of other types of PEC biosensors.