RETRACTED ARTICLE: Groundwater contaminations and health perspectives in developing world case study: Gaza Strip

Shomar, Basem

doi:10.1007/s10653-010-9332-8

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In terms of public health, poor drinking water quality has led to gastro-intestinal diseases, methomoglobinemia, dental fluorsis and diarrhoea (Al-Farra, 2005;Shomar, 2010;World Bank, 2009, p.27). A greater percentage of household income is spent on associated medical bills, as well as for treated water.…”

Section: Vulnerability Pathways To Water Resources Insecuritymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conflict and social vulnerability to climate change: Lessons from Gaza

Mason

Zeitoun

Sheikh

2011

Climate and Development

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In societies marred by conflict, the propensity of populations to be harmed by climate hazards is likely to be increased by their exposure to violence and other coercive practices. Stakeholder assessments of climate vulnerability, as reported here for the Gaza Strip, can capture the qualitative experience of harm caused by conflict-related practices as these relate to, and interact with, forecasted climatic risks. The key pathways of climate vulnerability identified by stakeholders in Gaza relate above all to expected impacts on food security and water security. Exploration of these vulnerability pathways reveals conflict-structured non-climatic risks overwhelming forecasted climate risks. The prevalence in Gaza of short-term 'enforced coping' prevents the development of long-term adaptive capacity. Climate vulnerability assessments in (post)conflict environments should acknowledge the methodological and political-policy challenges caused by chronic, non-climatic sources of harm. © 2011 Taylor & Francis

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Section: Vulnerability Pathways To Water Resources Insecuritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 1995 and 2009. total unemployment rose in Gaza from 29.4% to 39.3% (Palestinian National Authority, 2010, p. 13). The poor general situation of public health levels and services corresponds as would be expected with high levels of poverty and unemployment (Chalmers, 2009;Shomar, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict and social vulnerability to climate change: Lessons from Gaza

Mason

Zeitoun

Sheikh

2011

Climate and Development

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“…The Gaza Strip is a well-known place in the world where the utilization of the resources goes beyond the available resources. Water and land resources are partially depleted, based on the United Nation latest report, Gaza 2020; more than 95% of water resources are unsuitable for human consumption (3)(4)(5). The groundwater is the only water re-source for the Gaza Strip for domestic purposes, which is fed from rainfall (6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the population increase, consumption from the groundwater leads to a drop in groundwater level, as a consequence sea intrusion occurs (5,10). Intensive agriculture to cope with the market needs imposed farmers to use huge quantities of fertilizers, which finally reached to the groundwater causing the sever nitrate pollution (4,11). The Gaza Strip has a total of 6 main hospitals that are located adjacent to the residential area and has a wastewater sewer connected to municipal sewage networks, which has potential to cause pollution to the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Wastewater Characterization in the Gaza Strip: Al-Shifa Medical Complex as a Case Study

et al. 2018

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Al-Shifa medical complex is one of the most famous medical complex in the Gaza Strip. Since 1946 it was expanded many times, nowadays, the total clinical capacity has 564 beds on an area of 42,000 m 2. The main aim of the current research is to characterize the medical wastewater in the Gaza Strip. Currently, wastewater from hospitals is discharged to the public network then to overloaded central wastewater treatment plants, where partially treated effluent is infiltrate to the groundwater and the majority discharged to the sea. Composite samples from different sectors of the complex are collected every two hours for 24 hours and analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The pH from different medical sectors showed an acceptable range for disposal to the public network, while the salinity was extremely high and differs from sector to another. The Surgery department recorded the highest wastewater pollution i.e. TSS, BOD, and COD accounted for 3008, 1150, and 5350 mg/L, respectively, while the highest TKN (117 mg/L) was from the surgery operation room. Heavy metals such as Cd, Zn, and Pb in the medical wastewater from Al-Shifa medical complex do not constitute a threat to public wastewater sewerage system, mostly below the detection limits. It is highly recommended to further investigate the causes of strong pollution from both the surgery department and surgery room to propose pretreatment before disposal to the public network. Microbiology and infectious diseases and radioactive pollution should be considered in future planned research to gain comprehensive medical waste characteristics in the Gaza Strip.

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“…The water quality depends on the geological environment. Increased groundwater demand leads to a decline water level and deterioration of water quality [5,6]. The Gaza Strip entirely depends on groundwater for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes, therefore, the groundwater is pumped from more than 4000 and 44 agricultural and domestic wells, respectively pumping around 155 million cubic meters (Mm 3 ) a year [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%