RETRACTED ARTICLE: Investigating the nexus among environmental pollution, economic growth, energy use, and foreign direct investment in 6 selected sub-Saharan African countries

Abstract

This research seeks to enhance the current literature by exploring the nexus among environmental contamination, economic growth, energy use, and foreign direct investment in 6 selected sub-Saharan African nations for a time of 34 years (1980–2014). By applying panel unit root (CADF and CIPS, cross-sectional independence test), panel cointegration (Pedroni and Kao cointegration test, panel PP, panel ADF), Hausman poolability test, and an auto-regressive distributed lag procedure in view of the pooled mean group estimation (ARDL/PMG), experimental findings disclose that alluding to the related probability values, the null hypothesis of cross-sectional independence for all variables is rejected because they are not stationary at levels but rather stationary at their first difference. The variables are altogether integrated at the same order I(1). Findings revealed that there is a confirmation of a bidirectional causality between energy use and CO 2 in the short-run and one-way causality running from energy use to CO 2 in the long run. There is additionally a significant positive outcome and unidirectional causality from CO 2 to foreign direct investment in the long run yet no causal relationship in the short run. An increase in energy use by 1% causes an increase in CO 2 by 49%. An increase in economic growth by 1% causes an increment in CO 2 by 16% and an increase in economic growth squared by 1% diminishes CO 2 by 46%. The positive and negative impacts of economic growth and its square approve the EKC theory. To guarantee sustainable economic development goal, more strict laws like sequestration ought to be worked out, use of sustainable power source ought to be stressed, and GDP ought to be multiplied to diminish CO 2 by the utilization of eco-technology for instance carbon capturing, to save lives and also to maintain a green environment.

Relationship between greenhouse gas emission, energy consumption, and economic growth: evidence from some selected oil-producing African countries

“…In terms of causality, Jahangir Alam et al (2012) and Halicioglu (2009) found evidence of short run causality running from energy consumption to carbon emissions. Also, the presence of long run causality running in the same direction was found by studies such as Zhang and Chang (2009), Soytas et al (2007), Menyah and Wolde-Rufael (2010), Omri (2012), and Ssali et al (2019). In the same vein, studies such as Mirza and Kanwal (2017) and Al-Mulali and Sab (2018) found bidirectional causality between energy consumption and carbon emissions.…”

Financial Development and the Quality of the Environment in Nigeria: An Application of Non-Linear ARLD Approach

“…But Omri, Daly, Rault, & Chaibi (2015) for MENA countries, Begum, Sohag, Abdullah, & Jaafar (2015) for Malaysia, Ahmad et al, (2017) for Croatia, Charfeddine & Mrabet (2017) for MENA countries and Dong, Sun, & Dong (2018) for China and (Al-mulali, Saboori, & Ozturk, 2015) for Vietnam delivered empirical evidence to indicate that an upsurge in economic growth has the capability to rise consumption of energy and eventually exacerbates CO2 emissions. Henceforth, from the perspective of causal relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions by (Abdulrashid, 2016;Charfeddine & Mrabet, 2017) is bidirectional while for (Chandia, Gul, Aziz, Sarwar, & Zulfiqar, 2018;Uddin, Salahuddin, Alam, & Gow, 2017) is unidirectional moving from carbon emissions to economic growth for (Dong et al, 2018;Ssali, Du, Mensah, & Hongo, 2019) is also unidirectional but move from economic growth to carbon emissions.…”

Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Environmental Pollution in Nigeria: Evidence from ARDL Approach

“…after applying ADRL approach to analyze the time series data for the period of 1991-2015, Kouton and Amonle (2019) explore the influence of consuming renewable energy on economic growth in Cote d'Ivoire and the outcome revealed that the influence is mixed in the short-run while the it is insignificant in the long-run and that brings to a conclusion that energy consumption transition is on the process in the country. In discovering the relationship between environmental pollution, energy consumption, foreign direct investment and economic growth within the context of selected 6 sub-Saharan Africa covering the period of 1980 to 2014, Ssali, Du, Mensah, and Hongo (2019) applied panel cointegration and ARDL in view of the PMG revealed that bidirectional causality exist running from energy use to CO2 emissions in the short-run and long-run unidirectional causality also exists running from energy use to CO2 emissions and from CO2 to foreign direct investment all in the study periods in selected sub-Saharan Africa.…”