RETRACTED ARTICLE: Living annulative π-extension polymerization for graphene nanoribbon synthesis

Yano, Yuuta; Mitoma, Nobuhiko; Matsushima, Kaho; Wang, Feijiu; Matsui, Ken; Takakura, Akira; Miyauchi, Yuhei; Ito, Hideto; Itami, Kenichiro

doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1331-z

Cited by 78 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[ 11 ] Such polymer precursors are fabricated via different polymerization methods, such as Diels–Alder polymerization, [ 27–30 ] Yamamoto polymerization, [ 31,32 ] Suzuki polymerization, [ 31 ] and living annulative π‐extension polymerization. [ 33,34 ] The resulting polymer precursors are subsequently “planarized” by oxidative cyclodehydrogenation. This solution synthesis can be scaled up to the gram scale [ 35 ] and allows various edge functionalizations, which are more difficult to achieve through on‐surface synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Nanoribbons: On‐Surface Synthesis and Integration into Electronic Devices

2020

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Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are quasi‐1D graphene strips, which have attracted attention as a novel class of semiconducting materials for various applications in electronics and optoelectronics. GNRs exhibit unique electronic and optical properties, which sensitively depend on their chemical structures, especially the width and edge configuration. Therefore, precision synthesis of GNRs with chemically defined structures is crucial for their fundamental studies as well as device applications. In contrast to top‐down methods, bottom‐up chemical synthesis using tailor‐made molecular precursors can achieve atomically precise GNRs. Here, the synthesis of GNRs on metal surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) conditions is the main focus, and the recent progress in the field is summarized. The UHV method leads to successful unambiguous visualization of atomically precise structures of various GNRs with different edge configurations. The CVD protocol, in contrast, achieves simpler and industry‐viable fabrication of GNRs, allowing for the scale up and efficient integration of the as‐grown GNRs into devices. The recent updates in device studies are also addressed using GNRs synthesized by both the UHV method and CVD, mainly for transistor applications. Furthermore, views on the next steps and challenges in the field of on‐surface synthesized GNRs are provided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Nanoribbons: On‐Surface Synthesis and Integration into Electronic Devices

2020

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“…57 Broad D and G peaks with higher ID/IG ratios indicate large numbers of defects, which characteristically describe holey graphene, and such broadened D peaks can be seen in the all-carbon fjord edge [8]GNR. 27 Further broadening of the D peaks is caused by nitrogen dopant distortion of the lattice. Reports for both nitrogen doped graphene and top-down synthesized doped GNRs have shown this broadening with various levels of dopant atoms.…”

Section: Conversion Of Pdas 4ab To Gnrs 1abmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12,13,14,15 Early bottom-up syntheses have focused on GNRs with armchair 16,17,18,19 or zigzag 20 edges. More recently, intricate edge or interior configurations, such as chevron, 11,21,22,23 cove, 24,25,26 fjord 27 or holey, 28,29,30 have been obtained. These novel topologies significantly alter the electronic or magnetic properties of GNRs, as do atomically precise 31 substitutions of carbons with heteroatoms such as boron, 32,33 sulfur, 34,35 or nitrogen.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fjord-Edge Graphene Nanoribbons with Site-Specific Nitrogen Substitution

Zee

Lin

et al. 2020

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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The synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) that contain site-specifically substituted backbone heteroatoms is one of the essential goals that must be achieved in order to control the electronic properties of these next generation organic materials. We have exploited our recently reported solid-state topochemical polymerization/cyclization-aromatization strategy to convert the simple 1,4-bis(3pyridyl)butadiynes 3a,b into the fjord-edge nitrogen-doped graphene nanoribbon structures 1a,b (fjord-edge N2[8]GNRs). Structural assignments are confirmed by CP/MAS 13 C NMR, Raman, and XPS spectroscopy. The fjord-edge N2[8]GNRs 1a,b are promising precursors for the novel backbone nitrogen-substituted N2[8]AGNRs 2a,b. Geometry and band calculations on N2[8]AGNR 2c indicate that this class of nanoribbons should have unusual bonding topologies and metallicities.

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“…The length control of GNRs was still a challenge. Recently, a living annulative p-extension (APEX) polymerization technique has been developed to the rapid and modular synthesis of GNRs at 80°C, which achieved the controlling of their length, as well as width and edge structure [44]. The living polymerization utilized a silicon-containing compound benzonaphthosilole as a monomer and phenanthrene as an initiator.…”

Section: Carbon Source With Primitive Aromatic Structurementioning

confidence: 99%