RETRACTED ARTICLE: Mechanically interlocked architecture aids an ultra-stiff and ultra-hard elastically bendable cocrystal

Dey, Somnath; Das, Susobhan; Bhunia, Surojit; Chowdhury, Rituparno; Mondal, Amit; Bhattacharya, Biswajit; Devarapalli, Ramesh; Yasuda, Nobuhiro; Moriwaki, Toshimichi; Mandal, Kapil; Mukherjee, Goutam Dev; Reddy, C. Malla

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11657-0

Cited by 71 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Before actuating properties of TS crystals can be explored as a platform for conversion of thermal energy to mechanical work, the range of their basic performance capabilities must be established based on commonly accepted performance indices. With exception of several special cases of organic materials with unusually high Young's moduli, organic crystals are generally known to be soft in nature, particularly when compared to metals and alloys. A large contribution to the mechanical properties of organic crystals is governed by intermolecular interactions, which are considerably weaker than the intramolecular (covalent) or metallic bonds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Performance Indices for Dynamic Crystals as Organic Thermal Actuators

Karothu

Halabi

et al. 2020

Advanced Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

same basic thermodynamic principles of energy transduction and are collectively referred to as actuators. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] While complex natural biomechanical systems have evolved to aid functions such as dispersal and survival, the artificially manufactured actuators are specifically designed for integration in mechatronic or adaptronic systems that range from miniature devices such as navigation and positioning systems in flying machines, to complex systems that can perform tasks in specific environments, such as humanoid robots and spacecraft. The current applications of actuators are many and diverse; they include sensors, [11,12] artificial muscles, [13] soft robotics, [14] and energy-harvesting materials. [15] Simple or complex actuating motions can be induced by heat, light, electricity, pressure, and moisture, among other stimuli, and can be realized with shape-memory polymers, [16] conductive fibers, [17] liquid crystal elastomers, [18] piezoelectric, [19] magnetostrictive, [20] and electromagnetic materials. [21] The energy supplied to the artificial actuators can vary from fluid pressure or flow in the pneumatics, to current, charge or voltage in the electromagnetic, piezoelectric and magnetostrictive actuators, to heat in shape memory and thermal expansion actuators.The active media in actuators include fluids, hard solids such as metals, and even complex soft matter such as tissuesensembles of cells with similar structure that act together to perform a specific function. While molecular crystals do not immediately appeal as working actuating medium, their dynamic properties have recently transpired as an alternative to other materials and they are thought to hold an untapped potential for miniature, soft actuating devices, quickly shaping up into a new research field, crystal adaptronics. [22,23] Smallscale demonstrations of the usefulness of molecular crystals as microscale devices, including cantilevers, [24,25] ratchets, [26] optical waveguides, [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] and other "crystal gears" [37] that can move or reshape are occasionally reported for dynamic crystals. Although being very illustrative, these demonstrations have thus far remained limited to a laboratory scale and have not been implemented in actual, functional devices. Some of the obstacles toward wider applications are difficulties with reproducible growth of crystals of predictable size without the use Crystal adaptronics is an emergent materials science discipline at the intersection of solid-state chemistry and mechanical engineering that explores the dynamic nature of mechanically reconfigurable, motile, and explosive crystals. Adaptive molecular crystals bring to materials science a qualitatively new set of properties that associate long-range structural order with softness and mechanical compliance. However, the full potential of this class of materials remains underexplored and they have not been considered as materials of choice in an engineer's toolbox. A set of general performance metric...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Performance Indices for Dynamic Crystals as Organic Thermal Actuators

Karothu

Halabi

et al. 2020

Advanced Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[7] The complete details of the method can be found elsewhere. [8] Results and Discussions (i) DSC analysis Figure S1. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) endotherms of BH3NMe3 single crystal (red curve) and thin film (black curve) samples made by mechanical rolling.…”

Section: (V) Nanoindentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐like Ductility in Organic Plastic Crystals: Role of Molecular Shape and Dihydrogen Bonding Interactions in Aminoboranes

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ductility, which is a common phenomenon in most metals and metal-based alloys, is hard to achieve in molecular crystals. Organic crystals have been recently shown to deform plastically, but only on one or two faces, and fracture when stressed in any other arbitrary direction. Here, we report an exceptional metal-like ductility in crystals of two globular molecules, BH 3 NMe 3 and BF 3 NMe 3 , with characteristic stretching, necking and thinning with deformations as large as ~ 500%. Surprisingly, the mechanically deformed samples not only retained good long range order, but also allowed structure determination by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Molecules in these high symmetry crystals interact predominantly via electrostatic forces (B-N +) and form columnar structures, thus forming multiple slip planes with weak dispersive forces among columns. While the former interactions hold molecules together, the latter facilitate exceptional malleability. On the other hand, the limited number of facile slip planes and strong dihydrogen bonding in BH 3 NHMe 2 negates ductility. We show the possibility to simultaneously achieve both exceptional ductility and crystallinity in solids of certain globular molecules, which may enable designing highly modular, easy-to-cast crystalline functional organics, for applications in barocalorimetry, ferroelectrics and soft-robotics. File list (2) download file view on ChemRxiv Manuscript_CMReddy.pdf (1.54 MiB) download file view on ChemRxiv Supporting Information_CMReddy.pdf (2.52 MiB) Metal-like ductility in organic plastic crystals: Role of molecular shape and dihydrogen bonding interactions in aminoboranes

show abstract

“…Elasticity is a common physical property in the spontaneous shape recoverability of materials. Recently, research on the manner of elastic deformation of organic crystals has been intensive [16][17][18][19][20] despite a general perception of their brittleness. In contrast, superelasticity or more specifically plastic deformation with spontaneous shape recoverability is a minor and unusual physical property, except in special kinds of metallic solids called superelastic alloys and shapememory alloys 21,22 , and research is still in its infancy especially in organic crystals 15,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A superelastochromic crystal

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chromism-color changes by external stimuli-has been intensively studied to develop smart materials because of easily detectability of the stimuli by eye or common spectroscopy as color changes. Luminescent chromism has particularly attracted research interest because of its high sensitivity. The color changes typically proceed in a one-way, two-state cycle, i.e. a stimulus-induced state will restore the initial state by another stimuli. Chromic systems showing instant, biphasic color switching and spontaneous reversibility will have wider practical applicability. Here we report luminescent chromism having such characteristics shown by mechanically controllable phase transitions in a luminescent organosuperelastic crystal. In mechanochromic luminescence, superelasticity-diffusion-less plastic deformation with spontaneous shape recoverability-enables real-time, reversible, and stepless control of the abundance ratio of biphasic color emissions via a single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation by controlling a single stimulus, force stress. The unique chromic system, referred to as superelastochromism, holds potential for realizing informative molecule-based mechanical sensing.

show abstract

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Mechanically interlocked architecture aids an ultra-stiff and ultra-hard elastically bendable cocrystal

Cited by 71 publications

References 65 publications

Global Performance Indices for Dynamic Crystals as Organic Thermal Actuators

Global Performance Indices for Dynamic Crystals as Organic Thermal Actuators

Metal‐like Ductility in Organic Plastic Crystals: Role of Molecular Shape and Dihydrogen Bonding Interactions in Aminoboranes

A superelastochromic crystal

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About