RETRACTED ARTICLE: Ni/Co/Ti layered double hydroxide for highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B and Acid Red G: a comparative study

Abstract

Optically responsive, luminescent Ni/Co/Ti layered double hydroxide (LDH), synthesized by a single step hydrothermal route, exhibits highly efficient photodegradation of cationic and anionic dyes, Rhodamine B (∼99.8%) and Acid Red G (∼99.6%) respectively, better than that of commercial catalysts like NiO, CoO and TiO2.The LDH has been characterized by using XRD, XPS, PL, TRES, EIS, TEM, SEM-EDX, AFM, UV-visible DRS, N2-sorption desorption, ξ-potential, FT-IR and TG techniques. The characterized results indicate that the LDH possesses hexagonal morphology, a high surface area, a narrow band gap, defect states and oxygen vacancies within its layered framework. The degradations follow the e−–h+ hopping pattern and dye-photosensitized mechanistic pathways. The active species generated during photocatalysis have been evaluated using ESR, terephthalic acid fluorescence probe and indirect radical–hole trapping experiments. The colourless end products were investigated by GC-MS and reaction mechanisms have been established for the degradation of the dyes to less toxic and more eco-friendly molecules than their parent analogues. Dye mineralization studies (performed using a TOC analyser) and closure of carbon mass balance experiments quantified the amount of carbon entering and leaving the reaction systems. Reaction mechanisms have been proposed on the basis of the asymmetric cleavage of the dyes. The LDH demonstrated its remarkable efficiency in the field of waste water treatment.

Nanohybrid layered double hydroxide materials as efficient catalysts for methanol electrooxidation

“…Current densities herein reported were determined per geometric surface area. The typical cyclic voltammetry of the prepared LDHs was carried out within the potential window from À200 to 600 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) at room temperature and different scan rates (10,20,40,60, 80 and 100 mV s À1 ). Fig.…”

“…16,18,19 These LDHs have been extensively studied for different applications as new layered inorganic nanomaterials which are two-dimensional organized structures. 10,16,18,[20][21][22] Moreover, these are ionic solids with excellent chemical and thermal stability which obviously drive them as alternative materials for catalyzing methanol oxidation. 11 The modication of electrodes by using LDHs is a new strategy for catalyzing methanol oxidation.…”

Modification of Nife Layered Double Hydroxide and Photocatalytic Activity

“…XPS spectra were used to determine the oxidation state of elements before and after modification. The peaks at 856.2 eV and 873.7 eV are attributed to the 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 spin state of Ni(II) for LDHs, respectively [16]. The other two peaks at about 880 eV and 862 eV can be assigned to their corresponding shake-up satellite lines (Fig.…”

Retraction: Synthesis and characterization of Co/Ti layered double hydroxide and its application as a photocatalyst for degradation of aqueous Congo Red

“…10F and the EDX spectra in other publications, which have all been reported as different materials. [1][2][3] There are repeating motifs within the AFM image in Fig. 10G, which indicates that this image has been manipulated.…”